Women could afford 18% more of the housing market if they made as much money as men

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Mar 30, 2022, 08:00 ET

The disparities are most profound for women working in job categories such as financial, education and health services, and "other services," which include advocacy and pet care.
Homes owned by women typically are worth less than homes overall.
The pay equity gap is slowly shrinking, and closing the home value gap as it does so.

SEATTLE, March 30, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- A new Zillow study shows how severe an impact the gender pay gap is for women^¹ in the housing market. An additional 18% of the U.S. housing market is affordable to men but is out of reach to women. This gap in access can be as wide as 22% of the housing market depending on the industry they work in.

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The analysis combined income data from the U.S. Census Bureau with Zillow housing data to estimate how much of the market is affordable to women and men. The study examined a number of job sectors and regions and found that across the country, women can afford far fewer homes than men without being considered cost burdened^².

"This study shows how severely the gender pay gap limits women in the housing market, but that's only the start of a compounding impact," said Zillow economist Nicole Bachaud. "Owning a home represents the dominant form of wealth building for most Americans. So not only are women starting from behind, but they're falling even further behind with each passing day as homes build equity."

The impact of income inequality on housing affordability differs by industry. For example, women who work in the utilities industry have more homes available to them (71.1% of the market) than women working in all other industries analyzed. Women working in the leisure and hospitality industry can only afford 9.6% of the market. Men in both industries can afford 9–10 percentage points more of the market than women. In all 13 job categories analyzed nationally, men can afford more of the housing stock than women.

Regionally, gender disparities by industry can become even more severe. In Denver, for example, women working in the financial services industry can reasonably afford fewer than one in five (19.1%) homes in the area, while men can expect to afford more than two-thirds (71.1%). In Portland, Oregon, the numbers for the financial industry stand at 13.9% of the market available to women and 66.0% to men.

Equal Pay Day — which symbolizes how far into a new year a woman making a typical salary needs to work to make the same amount of money as a man making a typical salary in the previous calendar year — shows that the pay equity gap is slowly shrinking. This year, Equal Pay Day fell on March 15, nine days earlier than it did in 2021 and 16 days earlier than in 2020. Simultaneously, the home value gap for women is also narrowing. Homes owned by female-headed households, although still below the value of those owned by male-headed households and of median home values overall, have crept closer to parity over the past decade.

"The drive to eliminate pay inequity and other biases in the workplace needs to come from senior leaders with clear and measurable goals," said Bachaud. "Taking actions like regularly evaluating salaries or reevaluating other HR benefits and policies to attract and retain women could help reduce disparities."

While the tide is starting to turn, there remains much work to do to achieve pay equity, especially when taking race into account. For Asian American and Pacific Islander women, Equal Pay Day (relative to the typical pay for white men) is May 3; for Black women, it's September 21; for Native American women, it's November 30;, and for Latina women, it's December 8.

Differences in Incomes and Housing Affordability by Gender and Job Sector

Industry	Median Income for Women	Median Income for Men	Pay Gap	Share of Housing Stock Women Can Afford With Current Salary	Share of Housing Stock Men Can Afford With Current Salary	Affordability Gap Between Men and Women (Percentage Points)
All industries^³	$38,620	$53,011	-27.1%	39.1%	57.1%	18 pp
Other services^⁴	$26,249	$41,408	-36.6%	21.0%	43.0%	22.0 pp
Financial activities	$54,167	$84,253	-35.7%	58.3%	79.8%	21.5 pp
Education and health services	$43,573	$58,698	-25.8%	45.8%	62.8%	17.0 pp
Professional and business services	$50,235	$68,446	-26.6%	54.0%	70.9%	16.8 pp
Manufacturing	$42,236	$56,259	-24.9%	44.1%	60.5%	16.4 pp
Information	$51,312	$68,903	-25.5%	55.3%	71.2%	15.9 pp
Retail trade	$28,306	$38,013	-25.5%	24.1%	38.2%	14.2 pp
Wholesale trade	$44,560	$54,866	-18.8%	47.1%	59.1%	11.9 pp
Transportation and warehousing	$43,178	$51,782	-16.6%	45.3%	55.8%	10.4 pp
Leisure and hospitality	$18,021	$25,267	-28.7%	9.6%	19.5%	10.0 pp
Utilities	$68,728	$85,916	-20.0%	71.1%	80.6%	9.5 pp
Mining and logging	$53,826	$61,565	-12.6%	58.0%	65.4%	7.5 pp
Construction	$45,132	$45,171	-0.1%	47.9%	47.9%	0.1 pp

About Zillow Group:
Zillow Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: Z and ZG) is reimagining real estate to make it easier to unlock life's next chapter. As the most visited real estate website in the United States, Zillow® and its affiliates offer customers an on-demand experience for selling, buying, renting or financing with transparency and ease.

Zillow Group's affiliates and subsidiaries include Zillow®, Zillow Offers®, Zillow Premier Agent®, Zillow Home Loans™, Zillow Closing Services™, Zillow Homes, Inc., Trulia®, Out East®, ShowingTime®, Bridge Interactive®, dotloop®, StreetEasy® and HotPads®. Zillow Home Loans, LLC is an Equal Housing Lender, NMLS #10287 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

^¹ In this analysis, "women" and "men" refer to "female" and "male"—including all races—based on classifications from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
^² Assuming monthly payments based on a 20% down payment and 30-year loan term with typical interest rates.
^³ "All industries" refers to the BLS "total private" industry supersector category. It excludes farming and government jobs.
^⁴ As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, "other services" include establishments engaged in providing services not specifically provided for elsewhere in the classification system, such as equipment and machinery repairing, advocacy, death care services, pet care services and others.

SOURCE Zillow