Web of Science Predicts 2016 Nobel Prize Winners

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PHYSIOLOGY or MEDICINE

James P. Allison

Professor and Chair, Department of Immunology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas

Houston, TX USA

Jeffrey A. Bluestone

A.W. and Mary Margaret Clausen Distinguished Professor of Metabolism and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco Medical School

San Francisco, CA USA

Craig B. Thompson

President and CEO, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

New York, NY USA

For explaining how CD28 and CTLA-4 are regulators of T cell activation, modulating immune response

Gordon J. Freeman

Professor, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School

Boston, MA USA

Tasuku Honjo

Visiting Professor, Kyoto University

Kyoto, JAPAN

Arlene H. Sharpe

George Fabyan Professor of Comparative Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School and Member, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital

Boston, MA USA

For elucidating programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its pathway, which has advanced cancer immunotherapy"

Michael N. Hall

Professor Biozentrum, University of Basel

Basel, SWITZERLAND

David M. Sabatini

Whitehead Institute, Member; Professor of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Member, Koch Institute for Integrative Research; Senior Associate Member, Broad Institute.

Cambridge, MA USA

Stuart L. Schreiber

Director of Chemical Biology, Broad Institute, Morris Loeb Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University; Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Cambridge, MA USA

For discoveries of the growth regulator Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)

PHYSICS

Marvin L. Cohen
University Professor, Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley; Senior Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley, CA USA

For theoretical studies of solid materials, prediction of their properties, and especially for the empirical pseudopotential method

Ronald W.P. Drever
Professor of Physics Emeritus, California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, CA USA

Kip S. Thorne
Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus, California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, CA USA

Rainer Weiss
Professor of Physics Emeritus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, MA USA

For the development of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) that made possible the detection of gravitational waves

Celso Grebogi
Sixth Century Chair in Nonlinear and Complex Systems, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen
Aberdeen, SCOTLAND

Edward Ott
Distinguished University Professor, Yuen Sang and Yuen Kit So Professor, Department of Physics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland
College Park, MD USA

James A. Yorke
Distinguished University Research Professor of Mathematics and Physics, Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland
College Park, MD USA

For their description of a control theory of chaotic systems , the OGY method

CHEMISTRY

George M. Church

Robert Winthrop Professor of Genetics, Harvard Medical School

Boston, MA USA

Feng Zhang

W. M. Keck Career Development Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Core Member, Broad Institute

Cambridge, MA USA

For application of CRISPR-cas9 gene editing in mouse and human cells

Dennis Lo Yuk-Ming

Li Ka Shing Professor of Medicine and of Chemical Pathology, and Director of the Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong, CHINA

For detecting cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma, a revolution in noninvasive prenatal testing

Hiroshi Maeda

Professor, Institute of Drug Delivery Science, Sojo University, and Professor Emeritus, Kumamoto University School of Medicine

Kumamoto, JAPAN

Yasuhiro Matsumura

Director, Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center

Tokyo, JAPAN

For discovering the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of macromolecular drugs, a key finding for cancer therapeutics

ECONOMIC SCIENCES

Olivier J. Blanchard

C. Fred Bergsten Senior Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C. USA and Robert M. Solow Professor of Economics Emeritus, Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, MA USA

For contributions to macroeconomics, including determinants of economic fluctuations and employment

Edward P. Lazear

Morris Arnold and Nona Jean Cox Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution, and Jack Steele Parker Professor of Human Resources, Management and Economics, Stanford Graduate School of Business

Stanford, CA USA

For his development of the distinctive field of personnel economics

Marc J. Melitz

David A. Wells Professor of Political Economy, Department of Economics, Harvard University

Cambridge, MA USA

For pioneering descriptions of firm heterogeneity and international trade