Orion's Veil Comes Out of Its Shell

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Universities Space Research Association

Jul 14, 2022, 13:00 ET

COLUMBIA, Md. , July 14, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy discovered that Orion's Veil—an expanding shell consisting of dust and gas in front of the massive star cluster in the Orion Nebula—might be breaking.

Within the Orion Nebula is a massive set of stars known as the Trapezium stars. The winds from the Trapezium stars blow a bubble of dust and gas in the area in front of them, called Orion's Veil. The majority of Orion's Veil is sparse, with most of its gas lying in the bubble's wall. The wall, or Orion's Veil shell, is about a light-year thick and expanding toward us – and recent observations by the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) German REceiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies (GREAT) have identified some unexpected features in it.

"The bubble – with a diameter of approximately seven light-years – should be an almost sphere-like structure, but we found a protrusion in its northwestern part," said Ümit Kavak, a postdoctoral researcher at SOFIA, based out of NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley, who is the lead author on a recent paper in Astronomy & Astrophysics describing the studies.

The SOFIA observations show ionized carbon emission in this protrusion, which Kavak used to determine its size, structure, and how it is expanding, in hopes of uncovering its origins and future.

Shaped like a "U" lying on its side, the protrusion extends well beyond Orion's Veil shell. It is a likely spot for the shell to pierce, and the protrusion's chimney-like top seems to imply it already has.

"When you breach the Veil shell, you effectively start stirring a cosmic soup of gas and dust by adding turbulence," Kavak said.

"This isn't the most appetizing soup, but it's one of the ways to form new stars or limit future star formation," added Alexander Tielens, a researcher at Leiden University and a co-author on the paper.

This turbulence affects the density, temperature, and chemistry of its surrounding region, which may ultimately lead to the creation or destruction of star formation sites.

The group also identified a second, weaker protrusion, which they plan to investigate further in a future publication. Together, these protrusions affect the entire morphology of the Orion Nebula.

ABOUT SOFIA

SOFIA is a joint project of NASA and the German Space Agency at DLR. DLR provides the telescope, scheduled aircraft maintenance, and other support for the mission. NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley manages the SOFIA program, science, and mission operations in cooperation with the Universities Space Research Association, headquartered in Columbia, Maryland, and the German SOFIA Institute at the University of Stuttgart. The aircraft is maintained and operated by NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center Building 703, in Palmdale, California. SOFIA achieved full operational capability in 2014, and the mission will conclude no later than Sept. 30, 2022. SOFIA will continue its regular operations until then, including science flights and a deployment to New Zealand this summer.

ABOUT USRA

Founded in 1969, under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences at the request of the U.S. Government, the Universities Space Research Association (USRA), is a nonprofit corporation chartered to advance space-related science, technology and engineering. USRA operates scientific institutes and facilities, and conducts other major research and educational programs. USRA engages the university community and employs in-house scientific leadership, innovative research and development, and project management expertise. More information about USRA is available at www.usra.edu.

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SOURCE Universities Space Research Association