Novel Framework Developed to Understand Recurrent Acute Disasters

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Universities Space Research Association

Mar 09, 2022, 14:00 ET

COLUMBIA, Md., March 9, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- As Recurrent Acute Disasters (RADs)--sequential disasters that impact a specific locale over time—become more frequent and intense, affecting vulnerable populations, they pose a threat to environmental quality, economic activity, and public health and safety.

Yet, disaster research has largely focused on individual and isolated disaster events, rather than on RADs, severely limiting the utility and predictive capacity of emergency management and preparedness actions. A better understanding of RADs is critical to improve preparedness, disaster management, response and recovery and community resilience.

To address this issue, a group of scientists, from Clemson University, Universities Space Research Association and Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies worked together to construct a new novel framework to improve the scientific understanding of RADs and created a conceptual model of how RADs affect the human ecosystem. They demonstrate how valuable and important a new framework like this will be in the future. Analyzing the post disaster conditions defined as "legacy conditions" this team applied the framework they created to Puerto Rico, that provides a useful measure to understand RADs. The results were published in the March 9 issue of Science Advances.

"Increasing our understanding of recurrent disasters has the potential to advance disaster science, improve disaster response, build resilience to future disasters and save lives, says Clemson University's Professor Gary Machlis, University Professor of Environmental Studies, and lead author of the paper."

The research is an important new step towards understanding the complex characteristics of legacy conditions created by one disaster that influence the effects of subsequent disasters. The study shows that RADs create a cascade of consequences associated with previous disasters as was the case with Hurricane Irma, followed by the destruction caused Hurricane Maria, then a subsequent drought, and the January 2020 Earthquakes.

The researchers show that subsequent acute disasters are a function of:

The condition of the human ecosystem at a given time
The legacy conditions of previous disasters
The geospatial union of previous disasters and subsequent disaster
The time gap between previous and subsequent disasters
The response recovery and preparedness actions taken during the time gap and
The type, intensity and expansion rate of the subsequent disaster

The former Director of USRA's Earth from Space Institute (EfSI), and a co-author on the study, Dr. Miguel Román, noted "The situation in Puerto Rico since 2017 has led to what we define as negative legacy conditions, including a deteriorating energy infrastructure, public loss of trust in government institutions, and a health care system under immense strain. Because legacy conditions have differential impacts upon vulnerable communities, issues of equity and environmental justice (EEJ) can also be better addressed by RAD-sensitive disaster and recovery policies."

"As recurring acute disasters become more frequent and intense, research on legacy conditions is increasingly important to improve disaster science and preparedness," said Dr. Steward Pickett from Cary Institute, who also co-led the study.

Moving forward, it will be necessary for the disaster management community working with scientists engaged in RAD research to convert the RAD-based predictions of legacy conditions into specific preparedness actions that reduce vulnerability to subsequent disasters. The research group is working toward developing new visualization tools that could be used to accurately display RADs. Increasing our understanding of RADs has the potential to advance disaster science, improve disaster response, build resilience to future disasters, and save lives.

About USRA

Founded in 1969, under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences at the request of the U.S. Government, the Universities Space Research Association (USRA), is a nonprofit corporation chartered to advance space-related science, technology and engineering. USRA operates scientific institutes and facilities, and conducts other major research and educational programs. USRA engages the university community and employs in-house scientific leadership, innovative research and development, and project management expertise. More information about USRA is available at www.usra.edu.

About Clemson University

One of the most productive public research universities in the nation, Clemson University enrolls 27,341 students and has an endowment of over $1 billion. Classified as an R1 — Very High Research University by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching — Clemson is dedicated to teaching, research and service. Its main campus, located in Upstate South Carolina, sits on 1,400 acres in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, along the shores of Lake Hartwell. Through the research, outreach, and entrepreneurial projects led by our faculty and students, Clemson University is driving economic development and improving the quality of life in South Carolina and beyond. For more information, go to clemson.edu

About Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies is an independent nonprofit center for environmental research. Since 1983, its scientists have been investigating the complex interactions that govern the natural world and the impacts of climate change on these systems. Its research findings lead to more effective management and policy actions and increased environmental literacy. Staff are global experts in the ecology of cities, disease, forests, and freshwater."

Additional Resources:

The paper will be available at http://advances.sciencemag.org/. after 2:00 PM, March 9, 2022.

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SOURCE Universities Space Research Association