Next generation Lyme disease tests found efficacious and ready for clinical arena

The Centers for Disease Control estimates 300,000 cases of Lyme disease are diagnosed each year in the U.S. The current standard protocol for laboratory diagnosis is based on the demonstration of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes the disease.  The test is a two-tiered protocol of a sensitive first test, usually an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that if positive is followed by a second assay, a Western immunoblot to increase specificity. This protocol was established in 1994 and over the years important shortcomings have been identified.  The current protocol is insensitive in early weeks of the infection and the interpretation of the result of the second tier of the test, the Western blot, has proven to be confusing to many doctors.

In recent years, studies to map the specific sites where antibodies bind to key Borrelia burgdorferi proteins and whole genome sequencing of the of the bacteria have provided scientific information leading to a new generation of Lyme disease diagnostics. Reviewing these studies, the Banbury Center meeting experts agree that for routine cases of suspected Lyme disease, only a "positive" or "negative" result is needed, and this can now be provided by a single multiplex assay or combination of assays, without the use of the Western blot technology. 

"We know we can do better and it is time to focus attention on getting the latest technologies to doctors so they can more effectively diagnose and treat patients," said Dr. Schutzer the senior author of the paper. By examining current technologies and the latest published scientific data, the Banbury Center meeting participants conclude that scientific advances can improve on the current protocol with next-generation tests that use recombinant proteins or specific synthetic peptides, and alternative testing protocols.

"The CID publication is the result of critical assessment by a diverse group of experts that exemplifies the mission of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Banbury Center to support impactful scientific discourse at the highest level," explained Banbury Center Director Rebecca Leshan, Ph.D.   Since the first Banbury Center meeting on Lyme disease in 1991, more than 300 experts have discussed topics ranging from the immunobiology of the disease and co-infections, to diagnosis and prevention. Lyme disease has been an important theme for the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's Banbury Center because of growing public health concerns and the critical need for collaboration between scientists, clinicians, industry, government, and the public in order to make progress in understanding and fighting the disease.

The Banbury Center meeting experts reviewed direct detection methods, designed to detect the bacteria causing the infection itself, and indirect detection methods, which detect a patient's immunologic response to infection.  The report published in CID is limited to indirect detection — serologic tests — as they are the standard for diagnostic testing, and improvements to existing recommendations are more adoptable for immediate use. 

Citation: "Advances in serodiagnostic testing for Lyme disease are at hand" appears December 7, 2017 in Clinical Infectious Diseases. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix943

About Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory    
Founded in 1890, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has shaped contemporary biomedical research and education with programs in cancer, neuroscience, plant biology and quantitative biology. Home to eight Nobel Prize winners, the private, not-for-profit Laboratory employs 1,100 people including 600 scientists, students and technicians. The Meetings & Courses Program hosts more than 12,000 scientists from around the world each year on its campuses in Long Island and in Suzhou, China. The Laboratory's education arm also includes an academic publishing house, a graduate school and programs for middle and high school students and teachers. For more information, visit www.cshl.edu

SOURCE Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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