Global Net Lease Reports Fourth Quarter And Full Year 2017 Results
Company to Host Webcast and Investor Conference Call Today at 11 AM Eastern
NEW YORK, Feb. 27, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Global Net Lease, Inc. (NYSE: GNL) ("GNL" or the "Company"), a real estate investment trust focused on acquiring and managing a diversified portfolio of single tenant net lease commercial properties in the U.S. and Europe, announced today its financial and operating results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2017.
Fourth Quarter 2017 Highlights
- Revenue of $66.6 million up 26% over fourth quarter 2016 revenue of $52.8 million
- Net income attributable to common stockholders was $6.0 million
- Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO") improved 20% to $35.2 million versus $29.3 million in fourth quarter 2016
- Acquired seven industrial/distribution properties and one office property for approximately $61.0 million
- Subsequent to quarter's end, the Company closed an $18.6 million acquisition of a distribution property and signed six definitive agreements to acquire $274 million of primarily net lease industrial and distribution properties, all located in the United States
Full Year 2017 Highlights
- Revenue of $259.3 million up 21% over revenue of $214.2 million in prior year
- Net income attributable to common stockholders was $20.7 million
- Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO") grew 10.7% to $140.7 million versus $127.1 in prior year
- 99.5% leased property portfolio with 8.8 years weighted average lease term remaining at year-end
- Acquired 12 properties for $98.8 million
- Raised $130.4 million net proceeds through issuance of 5.41 million shares, of 7.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
- Executed a new commercial mortgage-backed facility, yielding gross proceeds of $187 million, carrying a fixed interest rate of 4.37% and a 10-year maturity, encumbering 12 U.S.-based assets
- Closed a new five-year credit facility comprised of a $500.0 million Senior Unsecured Multicurrency Revolving Credit Facility and a €194.6 million Senior Unsecured Term Loan
- Completed a 1-for-3 reverse stock split of the Company's common stock
For the three months ended December 31, 2017, GNL reported $66.6 million in total revenue and net income of $6.0 million, or $0.09 per common share, compared with $52.8 million in total revenue and net income of $15.9 million, or $0.27 per common share, during the comparable year-ago quarter. Adjusted Funds from Operations was $35.2 million in the fourth quarter versus $29.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2016.
"GNL made significant progress in several key areas," commented chief executive officer James Nelson. "During the fourth quarter 2017, we were successful securing accretive acquisitions that resulted in revenue growth of 26% over the fourth quarter 2016. On a sequential basis, we increased our quarterly funds from operations and adjusted funds from operations as compared to the third quarter 2017.
"We're also proud that, in 2017, Global Net Lease demonstrated a clear ability to both access the capital markets on attractive terms through our $130 million in aggregate preferred stock offerings and execute on our plans to transform the composition of the Company's portfolio by adding over $98 million of net new assets. We also continued our disciplined hedging strategy of layering hedges against the British Pound and the Euro over upcoming quarters to manage our exposure to both currencies. These actions, coupled with our ability to close new loans and credit facilities, enhanced our liquidity and capital structure. We exited the year better positioned to build upon these efforts as we entered 2018."
Mr. Nelson concluded, "Looking forward, we project that, with new leadership, a stronger balance sheet and a great start to the year with pending and closed acquisitions of nearly $300 million we have further scaled and diversified our portfolio in an accretive manner. Our focus will remain on increasing our industrial and distribution exposure in the U.S. while maintaining our strong presence in Europe as we build stronger cash flows in order to drive long-term value for our shareholders."
Quarter Ended December 31, |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) |
2017 |
2016 |
2017 |
2016 |
||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ |
66,602 |
$ |
52,773 |
$ |
259,295 |
$ |
214,174 |
||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders |
$ |
5,998 |
$ |
15,946 |
$ |
20,731 |
$ |
47,140 |
||||||||||||||
Net income per common share |
$ |
0.09 |
$ |
0.27 |
$ |
0.30 |
$ |
0.82 |
||||||||||||||
NAREIT defined FFO attributable to common stockholders |
$ |
34,553 |
$ |
28,847 |
$ |
132,612 |
$ |
129,085 |
||||||||||||||
NAREIT defined FFO per common share |
$ |
0.51 |
$ |
0.50 |
$ |
1.98 |
$ |
2.28 |
||||||||||||||
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders |
$ |
34,103 |
$ |
36,202 |
$ |
134,635 |
$ |
138,798 |
||||||||||||||
Core FFO per common share |
$ |
0.51 |
$ |
0.63 |
$ |
2.01 |
$ |
2.45 |
||||||||||||||
AFFO attributable to common stockholders |
$ |
35,165 |
$ |
29,272 |
$ |
140,652 |
$ |
127,061 |
||||||||||||||
*All per share data based on 67,286,822 and 66,877,620 weighted average shares outstanding for the three months and year ended December 31, 2017, respectively. Prior year per share data based on 57,781,196 and 56,720,448 weighted average shares outstanding for the three months and year ended December 31, 2016, respectively.
Property Portfolio
The Company's portfolio as of December 31, 2017 consisted of 321 net lease properties located in seven countries and comprised 22.9 million rentable square feet leased to 100 tenants across 41 industries. The real estate portfolio metrics include:
- 99.5% leased with 8.8 years remaining weighted average remaining lease term at year-end
- 93% of portfolio annualized straight line rent with contractual rent increases
- 76% of portfolio annualized straight line rent derived from investment grade and implied investment grade rated tenants
- Retail portfolio accounts for 9.6% of annualized straight line rent, with all retail tenants current
- 48.9% U.S. and 51.1% Europe (based on annualized straight line rent)
- 58.8% Office, 31.6% Industrial / Distribution and 9.6% Retail (based on an annualized straight-line rent)
Capital Structure and Liquidity Resources
The Company had $102.4 million of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017. The Company's enterprise value as of December 31, 2017 was $2.9 billion, that included net debt of $1.45 billion, including $992 million of outstanding mortgage debt and other debt of $532 million.
As of December 31, 2017 the Company's total combined debt had a weighted average interest rate cost of 2.9%, consisting of approximately 86.9% fixed rate(1) and 13.1% floating rate debt, resulting in an interest coverage ratio of 4.6 times.
On October 27, 2017, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Column Financial, Inc. and Citi Real Estate Funding Inc. The agreement provides for a $187.0 million loan with a fixed interest rate of 4.37% and a 10-year maturity date of November 6, 2027. Proceeds were to be used to pay down approximately $120 million outstanding under GNL's corporate credit facility, for general corporate purposes to maintain flexibility for making future acquisitions.
(1) Inclusive of floating rate debt with in place interest rate swaps allowing debt to effectively act as fixed.
Subsequent Events
Subsequent to the end of the fourth quarter 2017, the Company closed an $18.6 million acquisition of a distribution property and signed six definitive agreements to acquire $274 million of primarily investment grade net lease distribution/industrial properties in North America which comprise a total of 3.5 million square feet, leased to tenants such as Penske, Newell Rubbermaid and LSI Steel. Three of the properties represent 84% of the purchase price or $229 million and 2.7 million square feet of the properties under definitive agreements. The transactions are expected to close in stages in the coming quarters and should be fully closed by October 2018.
Webcast and Conference Call
GNL will host a webcast and conference call on February 27, 2018 at 11:00 a.m. ET to discuss its financial and operating results.
To listen to the live call, please go to GNL's "Investor Relations" section of the website at least 15 minutes prior to the start of the call to register and download any necessary audio software. For those who are not able to listen to the live broadcast, a replay will be available shortly after the call on the GNL website at www.globalnetlease.com.
Dial-in instructions for the conference call and the replay are outlined below. This conference call will also be broadcast live over the Internet and can be accessed by all interested parties through the GNL website, www.globalnetlease.com, in the "Investor Relations" section.
Conference Call Details
Live Call
Dial-In (Toll Free): 1-888-317-6003
International Dial-In: 1-412-317-6061
Canada Dial-In (Toll Free): 1-866-284-3684
Participant Elite Entry Number: 3415282
Conference Replay*
Domestic Dial-In (Toll Free): 1-877-344-7529
International Dial-In: 1-412-317-0088
Canada Dial-In (Toll Free): 1-855-669-9658
Conference Number: 10117057
*Available one hour after the end of the conference call through May 27, 2018.
Supplemental Schedules
The Company will file supplemental information packages with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") to provide additional disclosure and financial information. Once posted, the supplemental package can be found under the "Presentations" tab in the Investor Relations section of GNL's website at www.globalnetlease.com and on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
About Global Net Lease, Inc.
Global Net Lease, Inc. (NYSE: GNL) is a publicly traded real estate investment trust listed on the NYSE focused on acquiring a diversified global portfolio of commercial properties, with an emphasis on sale-leaseback transactions involving single tenant, mission critical income producing net-leased assets across the United States, Western and Northern Europe. Additional information about GNL can be found on its website at www.globalnetlease.com.
Important Notice
The statements in this press release that are not historical facts may be forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to be materially different. Forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements regarding stockholder liquidity and investment value and returns. The words "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "estimates," "projects," "plans," "intends," "may," "will," "would" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements, including those set forth in the Risk Factors section of GNL's Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and GNL undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results, unless required to do so by law.
Global Net Lease, Inc. |
||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets |
||||||||
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |
December 31, |
|||||||
2017 |
2016 |
|||||||
(Unaudited) |
||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Real estate investments, at cost: |
||||||||
Land |
$ |
402,318 |
$ |
376,704 |
||||
Buildings, fixtures and improvements |
2,138,405 |
1,967,930 |
||||||
Construction in progress |
2,328 |
|||||||
Acquired intangible lease assets |
629,626 |
587,061 |
||||||
Total real estate investments, at cost |
3,172,677 |
2,931,695 |
||||||
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(339,931) |
(216,055) |
||||||
Total real estate investments, net |
2,832,746 |
2,715,640 |
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
102,425 |
69,831 |
||||||
Restricted cash |
5,302 |
7,497 |
||||||
Derivative assets, at fair value |
2,176 |
28,700 |
||||||
Unbilled straight-line rent |
42,739 |
30,459 |
||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
22,617 |
17,577 |
||||||
Related party notes receivable acquired in Merger |
— |
5,138 |
||||||
Due from related parties |
16 |
16 |
||||||
Deferred tax assets |
1,029 |
1,586 |
||||||
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net |
22,771 |
13,931 |
||||||
Deferred financing costs, net |
6,774 |
1,092 |
||||||
Total assets |
$ |
3,038,595 |
$ |
2,891,467 |
||||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |
||||||||
Mortgage notes payable, net |
$ |
984,876 |
$ |
747,381 |
||||
Revolving credit facilities |
298,909 |
616,614 |
||||||
Term loan payable, net |
229,905 |
— |
||||||
Mezzanine facility, net |
— |
55,383 |
||||||
Acquired intangible lease liabilities, net |
31,388 |
33,041 |
||||||
Derivative liabilities, at fair value |
15,791 |
15,457 |
||||||
Due to related parties |
829 |
2,162 |
||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
23,227 |
22,861 |
||||||
Prepaid rent |
18,535 |
18,429 |
||||||
Deferred tax liability |
15,861 |
15,065 |
||||||
Taxes payable |
2,475 |
9,059 |
||||||
Dividends payable |
2,556 |
34 |
||||||
Total liabilities |
1,624,352 |
1,535,486 |
||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
||||||||
Equity: |
||||||||
Preferred stock |
— |
— |
||||||
7.25% Series A cumulative redeemable preferred shares |
54 |
— |
||||||
Common stock |
2,003 |
1,990 |
||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
1,860,058 |
1,708,541 |
||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
19,447 |
(16,695) |
||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(468,396) |
(346,058) |
||||||
Total stockholders' equity |
1,413,166 |
1,347,778 |
||||||
Non-controlling interest |
1,077 |
8,203 |
||||||
Total equity |
1,414,243 |
1,355,981 |
||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ |
3,038,595 |
$ |
2,891,467 |
Global Net Lease, Inc. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations |
||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended |
Year Ended |
|||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2017 |
September 30, 2017 |
December 31, 2016 |
December 31, 2017 |
December 31, 2016 |
||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) |
(Unaudited) |
(Unaudited) |
(Unaudited) |
|||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Rental income |
$ |
62,556 |
$ |
61,270 |
$ |
50,046 |
$ |
242,532 |
$ |
204,049 |
||||||||||
Operating expense reimbursements |
4,046 |
3,600 |
2,727 |
16,763 |
10,125 |
|||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
66,602 |
64,870 |
52,773 |
259,295 |
214,174 |
|||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Property operating |
6,849 |
7,202 |
5,648 |
28,857 |
19,038 |
|||||||||||||||
Fire loss |
(150) |
(305) |
— |
45 |
— |
|||||||||||||||
Operating fees to related parties |
6,624 |
6,390 |
5,113 |
24,457 |
19,751 |
|||||||||||||||
Acquisition and transaction related |
(301) |
1,141 |
7,415 |
1,979 |
9,792 |
|||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
2,357 |
2,468 |
1,810 |
8,648 |
7,108 |
|||||||||||||||
Equity based compensation |
(1,177) |
(391) |
1,341 |
(3,787) |
3,748 |
|||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
28,558 |
29,879 |
23,405 |
113,048 |
94,455 |
|||||||||||||||
Total expenses |
42,760 |
46,384 |
44,732 |
173,247 |
153,892 |
|||||||||||||||
Operating income |
23,842 |
18,486 |
8,041 |
86,048 |
60,282 |
|||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(12,806) |
(12,479) |
(9,004) |
(48,450) |
(39,121) |
|||||||||||||||
Gains on dispositions of real estate investments |
— |
275 |
12,021 |
1,089 |
13,341 |
|||||||||||||||
(Losses) gains on derivative instruments |
(1,719) |
(3,125) |
3,512 |
(8,304) |
7,368 |
|||||||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on undesignated foreign currency advances and other hedge ineffectiveness |
86 |
88 |
4,496 |
(3,679) |
10,109 |
|||||||||||||||
Other income (expense) |
10 |
2 |
(1) |
22 |
20 |
|||||||||||||||
Total other (expense) income, net |
(14,429) |
(15,239) |
11,024 |
(59,322) |
(8,283) |
|||||||||||||||
Net income before income taxes |
9,413 |
3,247 |
19,065 |
26,726 |
51,999 |
|||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(964) |
(760) |
(2,994) |
(3,140) |
(4,422) |
|||||||||||||||
Net income |
8,449 |
2,487 |
16,071 |
23,586 |
47,577 |
|||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non- controlling interest |
— |
— |
(125) |
(21) |
(437) |
|||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends |
(2,451) |
(383) |
— |
(2,834) |
— |
|||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders |
$ |
5,998 |
$ |
2,104 |
$ |
15,946 |
$ |
20,731 |
$ |
47,140 |
||||||||||
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders |
$ |
0.09 |
$ |
0.03 |
$ |
0.27 |
$ |
0.30 |
$ |
0.82 |
||||||||||
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding |
67,287 |
67,287 |
57,781 |
66,878 |
56,720 |
Global Net Lease, Inc. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Quarterly Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures (Unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended |
Year Ended |
|||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2017 |
June 30, 2017 |
September 30, 2017 |
December 31, 2017 |
December 31, 2017 |
||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ |
7,450 |
$ |
5,200 |
$ |
2,487 |
$ |
8,449 |
$ |
23,586 |
||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
27,114 |
27,497 |
29,879 |
28,558 |
113,048 |
|||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
11,531 |
11,634 |
12,479 |
12,806 |
48,450 |
|||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
906 |
510 |
760 |
964 |
3,140 |
|||||||||||||||
Equity based compensation |
16 |
(2,235) |
(391) |
(1,177) |
(3,787) |
|||||||||||||||
Acquisition and transaction related |
696 |
443 |
1,141 |
(301) |
1,979 |
|||||||||||||||
(Gain) loss on disposition of real estate investments |
(957) |
143 |
(275) |
— |
(1,089) |
|||||||||||||||
Fire loss (recovery) |
— |
500 |
(305) |
(150) |
45 |
|||||||||||||||
Losses on derivative |
470 |
2,990 |
3,125 |
1,719 |
8,304 |
|||||||||||||||
Unrealized losses (gains) on undesignated foreign currency advances and |
882 |
2,971 |
(88) |
(86) |
3,679 |
|||||||||||||||
Other income |
(8) |
(3) |
(2) |
(10) |
(22) |
|||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
48,100 |
49,650 |
48,810 |
50,772 |
197,333 |
|||||||||||||||
Net operating income (NOI) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Operating fees to related |
5,730 |
5,713 |
6,390 |
6,624 |
24,457 |
|||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
1,770 |
2,053 |
2,468 |
2,357 |
8,648 |
|||||||||||||||
NOI |
$ |
55,600 |
$ |
57,416 |
$ |
57,668 |
$ |
59,753 |
$ |
230,438 |
Global Net Lease, Inc. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Quarterly Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures (Unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended |
Year Ended |
|||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2017 |
June 30, |
September 30, 2017 |
December 31, 2017 |
December 31, 2017 |
||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to stockholders (in accordance with GAAP) [1] |
$ |
7,429 |
$ |
5,200 |
$ |
2,104 |
$ |
5,998 |
$ |
20,731 |
||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
27,114 |
27,497 |
29,879 |
28,558 |
113,048 |
|||||||||||||||
Gains on dispositions of real estate investments |
(957) |
143 |
(275) |
— |
(1,089) |
|||||||||||||||
Proportionate share of adjustments for non- controlling interest to arrive at FFO |
(71) |
(4) |
— |
(3) |
(78) |
|||||||||||||||
FFO (defined by NAREIT) |
33,515 |
32,836 |
31,708 |
34,553 |
132,612 |
|||||||||||||||
Acquisition and transaction fees [2] |
696 |
443 |
1,141 |
(301) |
1,979 |
|||||||||||||||
Fire loss (recovery) [3] |
— |
500 |
(305) |
(150) |
45 |
|||||||||||||||
Proportionate share of adjustments for non- controlling interest to arrive at Core FFO |
(2) |
— |
— |
1 |
(1) |
|||||||||||||||
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders |
34,209 |
33,779 |
32,544 |
34,103 |
134,635 |
|||||||||||||||
Non-cash equity based compensation |
16 |
(2,235) |
(391) |
(1,177) |
(3,787) |
|||||||||||||||
Non-cash portion of interest expense |
880 |
943 |
1,198 |
1,399 |
4,420 |
|||||||||||||||
Amortization of above- and below-market leases and ground lease assets and liabilities, net |
404 |
504 |
489 |
533 |
1,930 |
|||||||||||||||
Straight-line rent |
(3,878) |
(3,039) |
(2,070) |
(1,550) |
(10,537) |
|||||||||||||||
Unrealized losses (gains) on undesignated foreign currency advances and other hedge ineffectiveness |
882 |
2,971 |
(88) |
(86) |
3,679 |
|||||||||||||||
Eliminate unrealized losses on foreign currency transactions [4] |
1,792 |
3,111 |
3,598 |
1,681 |
10,182 |
|||||||||||||||
Amortization of mortgage (discount) premium, net and mezzanine discount |
153 |
151 |
261 |
262 |
827 |
|||||||||||||||
Deferred tax benefit |
— |
— |
(693) |
— |
(693) |
|||||||||||||||
Proportionate share of adjustments for non- controlling interest to arrive at AFFO |
(1) |
(3) |
— |
— |
(4) |
|||||||||||||||
Adjusted funds from operations (AFFO) attributable to common stockholders |
$ |
34,457 |
$ |
36,182 |
$ |
34,848 |
$ |
35,165 |
$ |
140,652 |
Footnotes:
[1] Includes an out-of-period adjustment of $0.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017 for additional rental income and unbilled straight-line rent.
[2] Includes merger related, and other costs, as applicable.
[3] (Recovery)/loss arising from clean-up costs related to a fire sustained at one of our office properties.
[4] For AFFO purposes, we add back unrealized losses (gains). For the three months ended December 31, 2017, losses on derivative instruments were $1.7 million which were comprised of unrealized losses of $1.7 million and realized losses of $38 thousand. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, losses on derivative instruments were $3.0 million, which were comprised of unrealized losses of $3.1 million offset by net realized gains of $0.5 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, losses on derivative instruments were $3.0 million, which were comprised of unrealized losses of $3.1 million, offset by realized gains of $0.1 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, losses on derivative instruments were $0.5 million, which were compromised of unrealized losses of $1.8 million offset by realized gains of $1.3 million.
Funds from Operations, Core Funds from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations
Funds From Operations
Due to certain unique operating characteristics of real estate companies, as discussed below, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT"), an industry trade group, has promulgated a measure known as Funds from Operations ("FFO"), which we believe to be an appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a REIT. FFO is not equivalent to net income or loss as determined under GAAP.
We define FFO, a non-GAAP measure, consistent with the standards established by the White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, as revised in February 2004 (the "White Paper"). The White Paper defines FFO as net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of property but including asset impairment write-downs, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO. Our FFO calculation complies with NAREIT's definition.
The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, and straight-line amortization of intangibles, which implies that the value of a real estate asset diminishes predictably over time, especially if not adequately maintained or repaired and renovated as required by relevant circumstances or as requested or required by lessees for operational purposes in order to maintain the value disclosed. We believe that, because real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, including inflation, interest rates, unemployment and consumer spending, presentations of operating results for a REIT using historical accounting for depreciation and certain other items may be less informative. Historical accounting for real estate involves the use of GAAP. Any other method of accounting for real estate such as the fair value method cannot be construed to be any more accurate or relevant than the comparable methodologies of real estate valuation found in GAAP. Nevertheless, we believe that the use of FFO, which excludes the impact of real estate related depreciation and amortization, among other things, provides a more complete understanding of our performance to investors and to management, and when compared year over year, reflects the impact on our operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs, which may not be immediately apparent from net income.
Core Funds From Operations
Core funds from operations ("Core FFO") is FFO, excluding acquisition and transaction related costs as well as certain other costs that are considered to be non-core, such as fire loss and other costs related to damages at our properties. The purchase of properties, and the corresponding expenses associated with that process, is a key operational feature of our business plan to generate operational income and cash flows in order to make dividend payments to stockholders. In evaluating investments in real estate, we differentiate the costs to acquire the investment from the operations derived from the investment. By excluding expensed acquisition and transaction related costs as well as non-core costs, we believe Core FFO provides useful supplemental information that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management's analysis of the investing and operating performance of our properties.
Adjusted Funds From Operations
In calculating adjusted funds from operations ("AFFO"), we exclude certain income or expense items from AFFO that we consider more reflective of investing activities, other non-cash income and expense items and the income and expense effects of other activities that are not a fundamental attribute of our business plan. These items include early extinguishment of debt and unrealized gains and losses, which may not ultimately be realized, such as gains or losses on derivative instruments, gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, and gains and losses on investments. In addition, by excluding non-cash income and expense items such as amortization of above-market and below-market leases intangibles, amortization of deferred financing costs, straight-line rent and equity-based compensation from AFFO, we believe we provide useful information regarding income and expense items which have a direct impact on our ongoing operating performance. We also include the realized gains or losses on foreign currency exchange contracts for AFFO as such items are part of our ongoing operations and affect the current operating performance of the Company. By providing AFFO, we believe we are presenting useful information that can be used to better assess the sustainability of our ongoing operating performance without the impacts of transactions that are not related to the ongoing profitability of our portfolio of properties. We also believe that AFFO is a recognized measure of sustainable operating performance by the REIT industry. Further, we believe AFFO is useful in comparing the sustainability of our operating performance with the sustainability of the operating performance of other real estate companies.
In calculating AFFO, we exclude certain expenses which under GAAP are characterized as operating expenses in determining operating net income. All paid and accrued merger, acquisition and transaction related fees and certain other expenses negatively impact our operating performance during the period in which expenses are incurred or properties are acquired will also have negative effects on returns to investors, but are not reflective of our on-going performance. AFFO that excludes such costs and expenses would only be comparable to companies that did not have such activities. Further, under GAAP, certain contemplated non-cash fair value and other non-cash adjustments are considered operating non-cash adjustments to net income. In addition, as discussed above, we view gains and losses from fair value adjustments as items which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized and not reflective of ongoing operations and are therefore typically adjusted for when assessing operating performance. Excluding income and expense items detailed above from our calculation of AFFO provides information consistent with management's analysis of the operating performance of the Company. Additionally, fair value adjustments, which are based on the impact of current market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions, but can also result from operational factors such as rental and occupancy rates, may not be directly related or attributable to our current operating performance. By excluding such changes that may reflect anticipated and unrealized gains or losses, we believe AFFO provides useful supplemental information.
Caution on Use of Non-GAAP Measures
FFO, Core FFO, and AFFO should not be construed to be more relevant or accurate than the current GAAP methodology in calculating net income or in its applicability in evaluating our operating performance. The method utilized to evaluate the value and performance of real estate under GAAP should be construed as a more relevant measure of operational performance and considered more prominently than the non-GAAP FFO, Core FFO and AFFO measures and the adjustments to GAAP in calculating FFO, Core FFO and AFFO. Other REITs may not define FFO in accordance with the current NAREIT definition (as we do) or may interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do or calculate Core FFO or AFFO differently than we do. Consequently, our presentation of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures presented by other REITs.
We consider FFO, Core FFO and AFFO useful indicators of our performance. Because FFO calculations exclude such factors as depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and gains or losses from sales of operating real estate assets (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost accounting and useful-life estimates), FFO facilitates comparisons of operating performance between periods and between other REITs in our peer group.
As a result, we believe that the use of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of our performance including relative to our peers and a more informed and appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing, and investing activities. However, FFO, Core FFO and AFFO are not indicative of cash available to fund ongoing cash needs, including the ability to make cash distributions. Investors are cautioned that FFO, Core FFO and AFFO should only be used to assess the sustainability of our operating performance excluding these activities, as it excludes certain costs that have a negative effect on our operating performance during the periods in which these costs are incurred.
Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization, and Net Operating Income
We believe that earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization adjusted for acquisition and transaction-related expenses, other non- cash items and including our pro-rata share from unconsolidated joint ventures ("Adjusted EBITDA") is an appropriate measure of our ability to incur and service debt. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities, as a measure of our liquidity or as an alternative to net income as an indicator of our operating activities. Other REITs may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently and our calculation should not be compared to that of other REITs. Net operating income ("NOI") is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, less discontinued operations, interest, other income and income from preferred equity investments and investment securities, plus corporate general and administrative expense, acquisition and transaction-related expenses, depreciation and amortization, other non-cash expenses and interest expense. We use NOI internally as a performance measure and believe NOI provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level. Therefore, we believe NOI is a useful measure for evaluating the operating performance of our real estate assets and to make decisions about resource allocations. Further, we believe NOI is useful to investors as a performance measure because, when compared across periods, NOI reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs and acquisition activity on an unlevered basis, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. NOI excludes certain components from net income in order to provide results that are more closely related to a property's results of operations. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. In addition, depreciation and amortization, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance at the property level. NOI presented by us may not be comparable to NOI reported by other REITs that define NOI differently. We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, NOI should be examined in conjunction with net income (loss) as presented in our consolidated financial statements. NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as an indication of our performance or to cash flows as a measure of our liquidity.
SOURCE Global Net Lease, Inc.
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