Carnival Corporation & plc Reports Significantly Higher Second Quarter Earnings

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Jun 23, 2015, 09:15 ET

MIAMI, June 23, 2015 /PRNewswire/ -- Carnival Corporation & plc (NYSE/LSE: CCL; NYSE: CUK) announced non-GAAP net income of $193 million, or $0.25 diluted EPS for the second quarter of 2015 compared to non-GAAP net income for the second quarter of 2014 of $73 million, or $0.09 diluted EPS. For the second quarter of 2015, U.S. GAAP net income, which included unrealized gains on fuel derivatives of $34 million and $7 million of restructuring expenses, was $222 million, or $0.29 diluted EPS. For the second quarter of 2014, U.S. GAAP net income was $98 million, or $0.13 diluted EPS. Revenues for the second quarter of 2015 were $3.6 billion, in line with the prior year.

Carnival Corporation & plc President and CEO Arnold Donald noted, "We more than doubled our second quarter earnings versus the comparable period a year ago and significantly exceeded our quarterly earnings guidance. Our initiatives to create demand and leverage our scale benefited both cruise ticket prices and onboard revenues contributing to 5% revenue yield improvement (constant currency) this quarter. While all of our North American brands enjoyed strong revenue yield improvement, our Carnival Cruise Line brand performed particularly well again this quarter. We thank our teams around the globe for their consistent delivery of exceptional guest experiences as well as our travel agent partners for their strong support, both of which are critical to our success."

Significant milestones during the second quarter included the launch of "fathom", the tenth brand in the Carnival Corporation family. Beginning in April 2016, "fathom" will introduce a new cruise category offering travelers authentic and meaningful experiences to targeted destinations, beginning with the Dominican Republic, to work alongside locals for transformational community impact.

Additionally, Costa began year-round service from Shanghai on Costa Serena in April and announced the deployment of Costa Fortuna to China in 2016 bringing the total to four Costa ships dedicated to Chinese guests. Princess Cruises also announced that it will expand its presence in Asia with a new ship scheduled to enter service in mid-2017 to be based in China year-round and custom-designed specifically for Chinese guests. Already the industry leader in passenger cruise days home ported in China, these developments will further the company's leading presence in this rapidly expanding market and attract new cruisers to the company's brands.

Also, earlier this month Carnival Corporation finalized a contract with Meyer Werft shipyard to build four next-generation ships that will feature the largest guest capacity in the world as well as the first cruise ships to be powered at sea by Liquefied Natural Gas, which is the world's cleanest-burning fossil fuel.

"These milestones further demonstrate our ongoing focus on effective strategic actions, technological development and innovation, laying the foundation for future growth and continued global expansion," said Donald.

Key metrics for the second quarter 2015 compared to the prior year were as follows:

On a constant dollar basis, net revenue yields (net revenue per available lower berth day or "ALBD") increased 4.1 percent for 2Q 2015, which was better than the company's guidance of up 2 to 3 percent. Gross revenue yields decreased 3.5 percent in current dollars due to changes in currency exchange rates.
Net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD increased 6.1 percent in constant dollars, primarily due to an increase in dry-dock days. Costs were better than March guidance, up 6.5 to 7.5 percent due to the timing of expenses between quarters. Gross cruise costs including fuel per ALBD in current dollars decreased 8.0 percent due to changes in fuel prices and currency exchange rates.
Fuel prices declined 37 percent to $411 per metric ton for 2Q 2015 from $657 per metric ton in 2Q 2014 but were higher than March guidance of $402 per metric ton.
Changes in currency exchange rates reduced earnings by $0.10 per share (constant currency).

2015 Outlook

During the last thirteen weeks, fleetwide booking volumes for the next three quarters were running well ahead of last year at slightly lower prices due to transactional currency impacts. At this time, cumulative advance bookings for the next three quarters are well ahead of the prior year at slightly lower prices again due to transactional currency impacts.

Donald noted, "Current strength in booking volumes clearly demonstrates strong consumer demand for our brands, leaving less inventory remaining for sale and building confidence in achieving significant revenue yield improvement this year. We are stepping up our marketing investment for the remainder of the year to further solidify our base of business for 2016 and drive continued yield improvement as we progress on our path toward double digit return on invested capital."

The company continues to expect full year 2015 net revenue yields on a constant currency basis to be up 3 to 4 percent, which excludes translational and transactional currency impacts, compared to the prior year (up 2 to 3 percent on a constant dollar basis compared to the prior year). The company now expects full year 2015 net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD to be up approximately 3 percent compared to the prior year on a constant dollar basis, which is slightly higher than had been anticipated in the March guidance mainly due to increased investment in advertising.

Taking the above factors into consideration, the company has increased its full year 2015 non-GAAP diluted earnings per share guidance to be in the range of $2.35 to $2.50, compared to 2014 non-GAAP diluted earnings of $1.93 per share.

Third Quarter 2015 Outlook

Third quarter constant currency net revenue yields are expected to be up 3 to 4 percent compared to the prior year (up 2 to 3 percent in constant dollars). Net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD for the third quarter are expected to be 2 to 3 percent higher on a constant dollar basis compared to the prior year. Changes in fuel prices net of derivatives, and currency is expected to reduce third quarter earnings by $0.06 per share.

Based on the above factors, the company expects non-GAAP diluted earnings for the third quarter 2015 to be in the range of $1.56 to $1.60 per share versus 2014 non-GAAP earnings of $1.58 per share.

Selected Key Forecast Metrics

Full Year 2015

Third Quarter 2015

Year over year change:

Current
Dollars

Constant
Dollars

Current
Dollars

Constant
Dollars

Net revenue yields

(2.0) to (3.0)%

2.0 to 3.0%

(3.0) to (4.0)%

2.0 to 3.0%

Net cruise costs excl. fuel / ALBD

(1.5) to (2.5)%

2.5 to 3.5%

(2.5) to (3.5)%

2.0 to 3.0%

	Full Year 2015	Third Quarter 2015
Fuel price per metric ton	444	492
Fuel consumption (metric tons in thousands)	3,190	790
Currency: Euro	$1.13 to €1	$1.13 to €1
Sterling	$1.53 to £1	$1.54 to £1
Australian dollar	$0.78 to A$1	$0.77 to A$1
Canadian dollar	$0.81 to C$1	$0.80 to C$1

Conference Call

The company has scheduled a conference call with analysts at 10:00 a.m. EDT (3:00 p.m. BST) today to discuss its 2015 second quarter results. This call can be listened to live, and additional information can be obtained, via Carnival Corporation & plc's Web site at www.carnivalcorp.com and www.carnivalplc.com.

Carnival Corporation & plc is the largest cruise company in the world, with a portfolio of 10 cruise brands in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia, comprised of Carnival Cruise Line, Holland America Line, Princess Cruises, Seabourn, AIDA Cruises, Costa Cruises, Cunard, P&O Cruises ( Australia), P&O Cruises (UK) and fathom.

Together, these brands will operate 100 ships in 2015 totaling 219,000 lower berths with eight new ships scheduled to be delivered between 2016 and 2018, along with four additional new ships on order between 2019 through 2022. Carnival Corporation & plc also operates Holland America Princess Alaska Tours, the leading tour companies in Alaska and the Canadian Yukon. Traded on both the New York and London Stock Exchanges, Carnival Corporation & plc is the only group in the world to be included in both the S&P 500 and the FTSE 100 indices.

Additional information can be found on www.carnival.com, www.hollandamerica.com, www.princess.com, www.seabourn.com, www.aida.de, www.costacruise.com, www.cunard.com, www.pocruises.com.au, www.pocruises.com and www.fathom.org.

Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results

Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc and their respective subsidiaries are referred to collectively in this release as "Carnival Corporation & plc," "our," "us" and "we." Some of the statements, estimates or projections contained in this release are "forward-looking statements" that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions with respect to us, including some statements concerning future results, outlooks, plans, goals and other events which have not yet occurred. These statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbors from liability provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. We have tried, whenever possible, to identify these statements by using words like "will," "may," "could," "should," "would," "believe," "depends," "expect," "goal," "anticipate," "forecast," "project," "future," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "target," "indicate" and similar expressions of future intent or the negative of such terms.

Forward-looking statements include those statements that may impact, among other things, the forecasting of our non-GAAP earnings per share; net revenue yields; booking levels; pricing; occupancy; operating, financing and tax costs, including fuel expenses; net cruise costs per available lower berth day; estimates of ship depreciable lives and residual values; liquidity; goodwill, ship and trademark fair values and outlook. Because forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are many factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied in this release. This note contains important cautionary statements of the known factors that we consider could materially affect the accuracy of our forward-looking statements and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. There may be additional risks that we consider immaterial or which are unknown. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

general economic and business conditions;
increases in fuel prices;
incidents, the spread of contagious diseases and threats thereof, adverse weather conditions or other natural disasters and other incidents affecting the health, safety, security and satisfaction of guests and crew;
the international political climate, armed conflicts, terrorist and pirate attacks, vessel seizures, and threats thereof, and other world events affecting the safety and security of travel;
negative publicity concerning the cruise industry in general or us in particular, including any adverse environmental impacts of cruising;
geographic regions in which we try to expand our business may be slow to develop and ultimately not develop how we expect;
economic, market and political factors that are beyond our control, which could increase our operating, financing and other costs;
changes in and compliance with laws and regulations relating to the protection of persons with disabilities, employment, environment, health, safety, security, tax and other regulations under which we operate;
our inability to implement our shipbuilding programs and ship repairs, maintenance and refurbishments on terms that are favorable or consistent with our expectations;
increases to our repairs and maintenance expenses and refurbishment costs as our fleet ages;
lack of continuing availability of attractive, convenient and safe port destinations on terms that are favorable or consistent with our expectations;
continuing financial viability of our travel agent distribution system, air service providers and other key vendors in our supply chain and reductions in the availability of, and increases in the prices for, the services and products provided by these vendors;
disruptions and other damages to our information technology and other networks and operations, and breaches in data security;
failure to keep pace with developments in technology;
competition from and overcapacity in the cruise ship and land-based vacation industry;
loss of key personnel or our ability to recruit or retain qualified personnel;
union disputes and other employee relationship issues;
disruptions in the global financial markets or other events that may negatively affect the ability of our counterparties and others to perform their obligations to us;
the continued strength of our cruise brands and our ability to implement our strategies;
additional risks to our international operations not generally applicable to our U.S. operations;
our decisions to self-insure against various risks or our inability to obtain insurance for certain risks at reasonable rates;
litigation, enforcement actions, fines or penalties;
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
whether our future operating cash flow will be sufficient to fund future obligations and whether we will be able to obtain financing, if necessary, in sufficient amounts and on terms that are favorable or consistent with our expectations;
risks associated with our DLC arrangement;
uncertainties of a foreign legal system as Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc are not U.S. corporations and
the ability of a small group of shareholders to effectively control the outcome of shareholder voting.

Forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results. Subject to any continuing obligations under applicable law or any relevant stock exchange rules, we expressly disclaim any obligation to disseminate, after the date of this release, any updates or revisions to any such forward-looking statements to reflect any change in expectations or events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based.

CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(in millions, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	May 31,			May 31,
	2015	2014		2015	2014
Revenues
Cruise
Passenger tickets	$ 2,628	$ 2,698		$ 5,260	$ 5,425
Onboard and other	927	905		1,816	1,755
Tour and other	35	30		44	38
	3,590	3,633		7,120	7,218
Operating Costs and Expenses
Cruise
Commissions, transportation and other	481	520		1,067	1,141
Onboard and other	114	115		225	228
Payroll and related	469	485		936	965
Fuel	333	527		650	1,050
Food	242	251		482	496
Other ship operating	734	642	(a)	1,332	1,238	(a)
Tour and other	31	32		47	46
	2,404	2,572		4,739	5,164
Selling and administrative	491	504		1,020	1,025
Depreciation and amortization	406	410	(a)	807	815	(a)
	3,301	3,486		6,566	7,004
Operating Income	289	147		554	214

Nonoperating (Expense) Income
Interest income	2	2		4	4
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest	(57)	(72)		(114)	(143)
(Losses) gains on fuel derivatives, net (b)	(13)	11		(181)	(6)
Other income, net	5	11		15	11
	(63)	(48)		(276)	(134)

Income Before Income Taxes	226	99		278	80

Income Tax Expense, Net	(4)	(1)		(7)	(2)

Net Income	$ 222	$ 98		$ 271	$ 78

Earnings Per Share
Basic	$ 0.29	$ 0.13		$ 0.35	$ 0.10
Diluted	$ 0.29	$ 0.13		$ 0.35	$ 0.10

Non-GAAP Earnings Per Share-Diluted (c)	$ 0.25	$ 0.09		$ 0.45	$ 0.09

Dividends Declared Per Share	$ 0.25	$ 0.25		$ 0.50	$ 0.50

Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding – Basic	778	776		777	776
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding – Diluted	780	778		780	778

(a)	In the first quarter of 2015, we revised and corrected the accounting for one of our brands' marine and technical spare parts in order to consistently expense them fleetwide. Had we not revised, this accounting may have resulted in material inconsistencies to our financial statements in the future. Accordingly, we will revise other previously reported results in future filings. This revision increased our three and six months ended May 31, 2014 other ship operating and depreciation expenses by $7 million and $1 million and $12 million and $1 million, respectively.
(b)	During the three months ended May 31, 2015 and 2014, our losses on fuel derivatives, net include net unrealized gains of $34 million and $10 million and realized (losses) gains of $(47) million and $1 million, respectively. During the six months ended May 31, 2015 and 2014, our losses on fuel derivatives, net include net unrealized losses of $(78) million and $(7) million and realized (losses) gains of $(103) million and $1 million, respectively.
(c)	See the U.S. GAAP net income to non-GAAP net income reconciliations in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures included herein.


CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
(in millions, except par values)

	May 31,	November 30,
	2015	2014
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 298	$ 331
Trade and other receivables, net	380	332
Insurance recoverables	176	154
Inventories	327	349
Prepaid expenses and other	298	322
Total current assets	1,479	1,488

Property and Equipment, Net	32,179	32,819

Goodwill	3,041	3,127

Other Intangibles	1,247	1,270

Other Assets	665	744
	$ 38,611	$ 39,448

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Short-term borrowings	$ 305	$ 666
Current portion of long-term debt	1,316	1,059
Accounts payable	637	626
Claims reserve	295	262
Accrued liabilities and other	1,223	1,276
Customer deposits	3,907	3,032
Total current liabilities	7,683	6,921

Long-Term Debt	6,648	7,363

Other Long-Term Liabilities	1,028	960

Shareholders' Equity
Common stock of Carnival Corporation, $0.01 par value; 1,960 shares
authorized; 653 shares at 2015 and 652 shares at 2014 issued	7	7
Ordinary shares of Carnival plc, $1.66 par value; 216 shares at 2015
and 2014 issued	358	358
Additional paid-in capital	8,412	8,384
Retained earnings	19,041	19,158
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,479)	(616)
Treasury stock, 59 shares at 2015 and 2014 of Carnival Corporation
and 32 shares at 2015 and 2014 of Carnival plc, at cost	(3,087)	(3,087)
Total shareholders' equity	23,252	24,204
	$ 38,611	$ 39,448

CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
OTHER INFORMATION

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	May 31,		May 31,
	2015	2014	2015	2014
STATISTICAL INFORMATION
ALBDs (in thousands) (a)	19,307	18,872	37,891	37,158
Occupancy percentage (b)	102.8%	102.2%	102.9%	102.6%
Passengers carried (in thousands)	2,608	2,551	5,071	4,960
Fuel consumption in metric tons (in thousands)	810	802	1,593	1,603
Fuel consumption in metric tons per ALBD	0.042	0.043	0.042	0.043
Fuel cost per metric ton consumed	$ 411	$ 657	$ 408	$ 655
Currencies
U.S. dollar to €1	$ 1.10	$ 1.38	$ 1.13	$ 1.37
U.S. dollar to £1	$ 1.52	$ 1.67	$ 1.53	$ 1.66
U.S. dollar to Australian dollar	$ 0.78	$ 0.92	$ 0.79	$ 0.91
U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar	$ 0.81	$ 0.91	$ 0.81	$ 0.91

CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash from operations	$ 1,515	$ 1,196	$ 2,286	$ 1,673
Capital expenditures	$ 439	$ 976	$ 1,381	$ 1,329
Dividends paid	$ 194	$ 194	$ 388	$ 388

(a)

ALBD is a standard measure of passenger capacity for the period, which we use to approximate rate and capacity variances, based on consistently applied formulas, that we use to perform analyses to determine the main non-capacity driven factors that cause our cruise revenues and expenses to vary. ALBDs assume that each cabin we offer for sale accommodates two passengers and is computed by multiplying passenger capacity by revenue-producing ship operating days in the period.

(b)

In accordance with cruise industry practice, occupancy is calculated using a denominator of ALBDs, which assumes two passengers per cabin even though some cabins can accommodate three or more passengers. Percentages in excess of 100% indicate that on average more than two passengers occupied some cabins.

CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Consolidated gross and net revenue yields were computed by dividing the gross and net cruise revenues by ALBDs as follows (dollars in millions, except yields) (a) (b):

	Three Months Ended May 31,			Six Months Ended May 31,
		2015			2015
		Constant			Constant
	2015	Dollar	2014	2015	Dollar	2014
Passenger ticket revenues	$ 2,628	$ 2,835	$ 2,698	$ 5,260	$ 5,609	$ 5,425
Onboard and other revenues	927	976	905	1,816	1,897	1,755
Gross cruise revenues	3,555	3,811	3,603	7,076	7,506	7,180
Less cruise costs
Commissions, transportation and other	(481)	(530)	(520)	(1,067)	(1,162)	(1,141)
Onboard and other	(114)	(121)	(115)	(225)	(236)	(228)
	(595)	(651)	(635)	(1,292)	(1,398)	(1,369)

Net passenger ticket revenues	2,147	2,305	2,178	4,193	4,447	4,284
Net onboard and other revenues	813	855	790	1,591	1,661	1,527
Net cruise revenues	$ 2,960	$ 3,160	$ 2,968	$ 5,784	$ 6,108	$ 5,811

ALBDs	19,306,832	19,306,832	18,872,035	37,890,712	37,890,712	37,158,340

Gross revenue yields	$ 184.15	$ 197.38	$ 190.92	$ 186.76	$ 198.11	$ 193.23
% (decrease) increase vs. 2014	(3.5)%	3.4%		(3.3)%	2.5%

Net revenue yields	$ 153.29	$ 163.66	$ 157.27	$ 152.65	$ 161.20	$ 156.39
% (decrease) increase vs. 2014	(2.5)%	4.1%		(2.4)%	3.1%

Net passenger ticket revenue yields	$ 111.20	$ 119.41	$ 115.40	$ 110.66	$ 117.36	$ 115.29
% (decrease) increase vs. 2014	(3.6)%	3.5%		(4.0)%	1.8%

Net onboard and other revenue yields	$ 42.09	$ 44.25	$ 41.87	$ 41.99	$ 43.83	$ 41.10
% increase vs. 2014	0.5%	5.7%		2.2%	6.7%

Consolidated gross and net cruise costs and net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD were computed by dividing the gross and net cruise costs and net cruise costs excluding fuel by ALBDs as follows (dollars in millions, except costs per ALBD) (a) (b):

	Three Months Ended May 31,			Six Months Ended May 31,
		2015			2015
		Constant			Constant
	2015	Dollar	2014	2015	Dollar	2014
Cruise operating expenses	$ 2,373	$ 2,523	$ 2,540	$ 4,692	$ 4,951	$ 5,118
Cruise selling and administrative expenses	489	524	502	1,016	1,074	1,021
Gross cruise costs	2,862	3,047	3,042	5,708	6,025	6,139
Less cruise costs included above
Commissions, transportation and other	(481)	(530)	(520)	(1,067)	(1,162)	(1,141)
Onboard and other	(114)	(121)	(115)	(225)	(236)	(228)
Gains on ship sales and ship impairment, net	2	2	15	4	4	15
Restructuring expenses	(7)	(8)	-	(7)	(9)	-
Net cruise costs	2,262	2,390	2,422	4,413	4,622	4,785
Less fuel	(333)	(333)	(527)	(650)	(650)	(1,050)
Net cruise costs excluding fuel	$ 1,929	$ 2,057	$ 1,895	$ 3,763	$ 3,972	$ 3,735

ALBDs	19,306,832	19,306,832	18,872,035	37,890,712	37,890,712	37,158,340

Gross cruise costs per ALBD	$ 148.22	$ 157.78	$ 161.18	$ 150.64	$ 159.01	$ 165.20
% decrease vs. 2014	(8.0)%	(2.1)%		(8.8)%	(3.7)%

Net cruise costs per ALBD	$ 117.11	$ 123.73	$ 128.33	$ 116.45	$ 121.98	$ 128.77
% decrease vs. 2014	(8.7)%	(3.6)%		(9.6)%	(5.3)%

Net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD	$ 99.88	$ 106.50	$ 100.38	$ 99.28	$ 104.81	$ 100.50
% (decrease) increase vs. 2014	(0.5)%	6.1%		(1.2)%	4.3%

(See next page for Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures.)

CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (CONTINUED)

Non-GAAP fully diluted earnings per share was computed as follows (in millions, except per share data) (b):

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	May 31,		May 31,
	2015	2014	2015	2014
Net income – diluted
U.S. GAAP net income	$ 222	$ 98	$ 271	$ 78
(Gains) on ship sales and ship impairment, net (c)	(2)	(15)	(4)	(15)
Restructuring expenses (c)	7	-	7	-
Unrealized (gains) losses on fuel derivatives, net (d)	(34)	(10)	78	7
Non-GAAP net income	$ 193	$ 73	$ 352	$ 70

Weighted-average shares outstanding – diluted	780	778	780	778

Earnings per share – diluted
U.S. GAAP earnings per share	$ 0.29	$ 0.13	$ 0.35	$ 0.10
(Gains) on ship sales and ship impairment, net (c)	-	(0.02)	(0.01)	(0.02)
Restructuring expenses (c)	0.01	-	0.01	-
Unrealized (gains) losses on fuel derivatives, net (d)	(0.05)	(0.02)	0.10	0.01
Non-GAAP earnings per share	$ 0.25	$ 0.09	$ 0.45	$ 0.09

*Notes to Non-GAAP Financial Measures*

(a)	We use net cruise revenues per ALBD ("net revenue yields"), net cruise costs per ALBD and net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD as significant non-GAAP financial measures of our cruise segments' financial performance. These measures enable us to separate the impact of predictable capacity changes from the more unpredictable rate changes that affect our business; gains and losses on ship sales and ship impairments, net; and restructuring expenses that are not part of our core operating business. We believe these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to investors and expanded insight to measure our revenue and cost performance as a supplement to our U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements.

	Net revenue yields are commonly used in the cruise industry to measure a company's cruise segment revenue performance and for revenue management purposes. We use "net cruise revenues" rather than "gross cruise revenues" to calculate net revenue yields. We believe that net cruise revenues is a more meaningful measure in determining revenue yield than gross cruise revenues because it reflects the cruise revenues earned net of our most significant variable costs, which are travel agent commissions, cost of air and other transportation, certain other costs that are directly associated with onboard and other revenues and credit and debit card fees. Substantially all of our remaining cruise costs are largely fixed, except for the impact of changing prices and food expenses, once our ship capacity levels have been determined.

	Net passenger ticket revenues reflect gross passenger ticket revenues, net of commissions, transportation and other costs. Net onboard and other revenues reflect gross onboard and other revenues, net of onboard and other cruise costs. Net passenger ticket revenue yields and net onboard and other revenue yields are computed by dividing net passenger ticket revenues and net onboard and other revenues by ALBDs.

	Net cruise costs per ALBD and net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD are the most significant measures we use to monitor our ability to control our cruise segments' costs rather than gross cruise costs per ALBD. We exclude the same variable costs that are included in the calculation of net cruise revenues to calculate net cruise costs with and without fuel to avoid duplicating these variable costs in our non-GAAP financial measures. In addition, we exclude gains and losses on ship sales and ship impairments, net and restructuring expenses from our calculation of net cruise costs with and without fuel as they are not considered part of our core operating business.

	As a result of our revision of 2014 cruise ship operating expenses, our previously reported results changed as follows (in millions, except per ALBD data):

	Three Months Ended May 31, 2014		Six Months Ended May 31, 2014
	As Previously Reported	As Revised	As Previously Reported	As Revised
Gross cruise costs per ALBD	$160.80	$161.18	$164.89	$165.20
Net cruise costs per ALBD	$127.95	$128.33	$128.45	$128.77
Net cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD	$100.00	$100.38	$100.18	$100.50
U.S. GAAP net income	$106	$98	$91	$78
Non-GAAP net income	$80	$73	$83	$70

CARNIVAL CORPORATION & PLC
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (CONTINUED)

	We have not provided estimates of future gross revenue yields or future gross cruise costs per ALBD because the quantitative reconciliations of forecasted gross cruise revenues to forecasted net cruise revenues or forecasted gross cruise costs to forecasted net cruise costs would include a significant amount of uncertainty in projecting the costs deducted to arrive at these measures. As such, management does not believe that this reconciling information would be meaningful.

	In addition, because our Europe, Australia & Asia ("EAA") cruise brands utilize the euro, sterling and Australian dollar as their functional currency to measure their results and financial condition, the translation of those operations to our U.S. dollar reporting currency results in decreases in reported U.S. dollar revenues and expenses if the U.S. dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies and increases in reported U.S. dollar revenues and expenses if the U.S. dollar weakens against these foreign currencies. Accordingly, we also monitor and report these non-GAAP financial measures assuming the 2015 periods currency exchange rates have remained constant with the 2014 periods rates, or on a "constant dollar basis," in order to remove the impact of changes in exchange rates on the translation of our EAA brands. We believe that this is a useful measure since it facilitates a comparative view of the changes in our business in a fluctuating currency exchange rate environment.

	Although our constant dollar basis measure removes the foreign currency translational impact as discussed above, it does not remove the foreign currency transactional impact from changes in exchange rates on our brands' revenues and expenses that are denominated in a currency other than their functional currency. Historically the foreign currency transactional impact had not been significant when measuring the periodic changes in our results of operations. However, given the continuing expansion of our global business and the heightened volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, we believe the foreign currency transactional impact is more significant in measuring our 2015 results compared to 2014, than in previous years. Together, the foreign currency translational and transactional impacts discussed above are referred to as on the "constant currency basis."

(b)	Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The presentation of our non-GAAP financial information is not intended to be considered in isolation from, as substitute for, or superior to the financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. There are no specific rules for determining our non-GAAP current and constant dollar financial measures and, accordingly, they are susceptible to varying calculations, and it is possible that they may not be exactly comparable to the like-kind information presented by other companies, which is a potential risk associated with using these measures to compare us to other companies.

(c)	We believe that the gains on ship sales and ship impairment, net and restructuring expenses recognized in the three and six months ended May 31, 2015 and 2014 are not part of our core operating business and, therefore, is not an indication of our future earnings performance. As such, we believe it is more meaningful for the gains on ship sales and ship impairment, net and restructuring expenses to be excluded from our net income and earnings per share and, accordingly, we present non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per share excluding these items.

(d)	Under U.S. GAAP, the realized and unrealized gains and losses on fuel derivatives not qualifying as fuel hedges are recognized currently in earnings. We believe that unrealized gains and losses on fuel derivatives are not an indication of our earnings performance since they relate to future periods and may not ultimately be realized in our future earnings. Therefore, we believe it is more meaningful for the unrealized gains and losses on fuel derivatives to be excluded from our net income and earnings per share and, accordingly, we present non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP earnings per share excluding these unrealized gains and losses.

	We have not included in our earnings guidance the impact of unrealized gains and losses on fuel derivatives because these unrealized amounts involve a significant amount of uncertainty, and we do not believe they are an indication of our future earnings performance. Accordingly, our earnings guidance is presented on a non-GAAP basis only. As a result, we did not present a reconciliation between forecasted non-GAAP diluted earnings per share guidance and forecasted U.S. GAAP diluted earnings per share guidance, since we do not believe that the reconciliation information would be meaningful. However, we do forecast realized gains and losses on fuel derivatives by applying current Brent prices to the derivatives that settle in the forecast period.