NMI® at 41.8%; April 2020 Non-Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business®

Business Activity Index at 26%; New Orders Index at 32.9%; Employment Index at 30%; Supplier Deliveries Index at 78.3%

TEMPE, Ariz., May 5, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Economic activity in the non-manufacturing sector contracted in April for the first time since December 2009, ending a 122-month period of growth, say the nation's purchasing and supply executives in the latest Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^®.

The report was issued today by Anthony Nieves, CPSM, C.P.M., A.P.P., CFPM, Chair of the Institute for Supply Management^® (ISM^®) Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee: "The NMI^® registered 41.8 percent, 10.7 percentage points lower than the March reading of 52.5 percent. This reading represents contraction in the non-manufacturing sector and is the NMI^®'s lowest since March 2009 (40.1 percent). The Business Activity Index fell 22 percentage points from March's figure, registering 26 percent — the lowest reading for that index since the debut of the Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^® in 1997. The New Orders Index registered 32.9 percent, 20 percentage points below the reading of 52.9 percent in March. The Employment Index decreased to 30 percent, 17 percentage points below the March reading of 47 percent.

"The Supplier Deliveries Index registered an all-time high of 78.3 percent, up 16.2 percentage points from the March reading of 62.1 percent, which limited the decrease in the composite NMI^®. The Supplier Deliveries Index is one of four equally weighted subindexes that directly factor into the NMI^®, along with Business Activity, New Orders and Employment. Supplier Deliveries is the only ISM^® Report On Business^® index that is inversed; a reading of above 50 percent indicates slower deliveries, which is typical as the economy improves and customer demand increases. However, the combined 25.9-percentage point increase in March and April was primarily a product of supply problems related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

"The Prices Index figure of 55.1 percent is 5.1 percentage points higher than the March reading of 50 percent, indicating that prices increased in April. According to the NMI^®, two non-manufacturing industries reported growth. The non-manufacturing sector composite index indicated contraction for the first time since December 2009, when the NMI^® was at 49.7 percent. Respondents are concerned about the continuing coronavirus impacts on the supply chain, operational capacity, human resources and finances, as well as the uncertain timelines for the resumption of business and a return to normality."

INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE
The two non-manufacturing industries reporting growth in April are: Public Administration; and Finance & Insurance. The 16 industries reporting a decrease in April — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Retail Trade; Other Services; Wholesale Trade; Construction; Transportation & Warehousing; Mining; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Information; Accommodation & Food Services; Management of Companies & Support Services; Educational Services; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Utilities; and Health Care & Social Assistance.

WHAT RESPONDENTS ARE SAYING

• "General uncertainty over ramp-up timeline post COVID-19." (Accommodation & Food Services)
• "The COVID-19 situation has created significant challenges for the agricultural sectors. Milk prices have declined 29 percent in a few weeks. Milk is being dumped on farms because of the loss of markets. Cattle prices are down 28 percent, pork prices down 24 percent, [and] all agriculture sectors are facing significant price declines. Our agriculture economy is challenged with poultry, pork, and beef processing plants closed due to COVID-19 cases or impaired due to employees afraid to work side-by-side with other employees. Farmers cannot sell fat cattle locally due to processing plant shutdowns." (Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting)
• "COVID-19 pandemic has forced our business to close as of March 17, 2020. We do not have a re-opening date yet; our purchasing activity has been greatly reduced due to the current business environment." (Arts, Entertainment & Recreation)
• "COVID-19 is altering the operation, supply chain and sales process of home-building. Stay-at-home orders have hampered business in residential construction. As ours has been deemed an essential industry, we continue to navigate changing guidelines and restrictions on a daily basis." (Construction)
• "The university abruptly transitioned from students on campus to remote teaching for the spring quarter; however, the number of students registered for the quarter has remained consistent with previous years. Overall, activity dropped 17 percent compared to February and 31 percent compared to March 2019." (Educational Services)
• "Due to increased loans from [the federal] stimulus package, [we are] seeing an increase in new business." (Finance & Insurance)
• "COVID-19 has halted much of our standard work to procure items for our organization. It's halted much of the world, except for health care. Distributors were woefully unprepared for the spread of this pandemic, and many health-care systems/providers depend on them for inventory planning and availability. Combine that with the global [surgical] gown recall just before the pandemic struck — and isolation masks are created from the same material as isolation gowns — and you had a perfect storm for chaos across the supply chain. It will be very hard for major medical distributors who did not manage their core customers well to recover from both the gown recall and the pandemic. It also provided some insight into whether or not the distributor partners were actually skilled at inventory planning and movement. I believe that the healthcare supply chain landscape will change dramatically after this." (Health Care & Social Assistance)
• "The oil exploration sector is very weak, with the record low price of oil and the country's shutdown due to the COVID-19 threat. We are hopeful for a bump in activity once the country starts to reopen." (Management of Companies & Support Services)
• "New challenges working from home and getting inventory to the retail locations." (Retail Trade)
• "As an essential business, we have remained open during the month. A significant number of our customers are closed (i.e. schools) and other have substantially reduced their buying (i.e. hotels, office building). Sales of janitorial, sanitation, and paper products [have] increased across all business lines, but other categories are greatly reduced. Overall, reduction in sales of 20 percent to 30 percent." (Wholesale Trade)

*Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^® data is seasonally adjusted for the Business Activity, New Orders, Prices and Employment indexes. Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^® data is seasonally adjusted for New Orders, Production, Employment and Inventory indexes.
**Number of months moving in current direction.

COMMODITIES REPORTED UP/DOWN IN PRICE, AND IN SHORT SUPPLY

Commodities Up in Price
Air Freight; Cleaning Products (2); Disinfectants; Gloves (2); Hand Sanitizer (2); Isopropyl Alcohol; Janitorial Supplies; Medical Services; Medical Supplies (3); Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (3); PPE — Masks (2); Surgical Gowns (2); and Ventilators.

Commodities Down in Price
Cheese; Diesel Fuel (4); Fuel (2); Gasoline (3); Pork; and Steel Products (2).

Commodities in Short Supply
Alcohol; Cleaning Products (2); Cleaning Supplies (2); Computer Hardware; Disinfectants (2); Face Shields; Gloves; Hand Sanitizer (2); Janitorial Supplies; Labor — Construction; Labor — Temporary (10); Medical Supplies (3); Nasal Swabs; N95 Masks (2); Paper Products (2); Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (3); PPE — Coveralls (2); PPE — Gowns; PPE — Masks (2); Surgical Masks (3); Safety Equipment; Sanitary Supplies; Toilet Paper (2); and Viral Transport Media.

Note: The number of consecutive months the commodity is listed is indicated after each item.

APRIL 2020 NON-MANUFACTURING INDEX SUMMARIES

NMI^®
In April, the NMI^® registered 41.8 percent, 10.7 percentage points lower than March's figure of 52.5 percent. The reading is the NMI^®'s lowest since March 2009 (40.1 percent) and indicates non-manufacturing sector contraction after 122 consecutive months of growth. A reading above 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector is generally contracting.

An NMI^® above 48.5 percent, over time, generally indicates an expansion of the overall economy. Therefore, the April NMI^® indicates contraction for the first time after 128 consecutive months of expansion. Nieves says, "The past relationship between the NMI^® and the overall economy indicates that the NMI^® for April (41.8 percent) corresponds to a 2.3-percent decrease in real gross domestic product (GDP) on an annualized basis."

NMI^® HISTORY

Business Activity
ISM^®'s Business Activity Index registered 26 percent in April, a decrease of 22 percentage points from the March reading of 48 percent. This represents contraction for the second consecutive month and is the lowest Business Activity Index reading since the NMI^®'s inception in 1997. Only one industry (Finance & Insurance) reported an increase in business activity. Comments from respondents include: "Fewer resources to do work" and "All non-essential procedures have been cancelled or delayed."

The 17 industries reporting a decrease in business activity for the month of April — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Transportation & Warehousing; Retail Trade; Other Services; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Educational Services; Management of Companies & Support Services; Wholesale Trade; Construction; Utilities; Mining; Health Care & Social Assistance; Information; Accommodation & Food Services; and Public Administration.

New Orders
ISM^®'s Non-Manufacturing New Orders Index registered 32.9 percent, a decrease of 20 percentage points from the March reading of 52.9 percent. New orders contracted for the first time after 128 consecutive months of expansion. Comments from respondents include: "No new orders booked. Activity level is pretty high, [and we're] trying to figure how to do business remotely" and "Core business activities at a virtual standstill."

The two industries reporting growth of new orders in April are: Public Administration; and Finance & Insurance. The 16 industries reporting contraction in April — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Retail Trade; Mining; Utilities; Wholesale Trade; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Educational Services; Other Services; Construction; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Information; Transportation & Warehousing; Management of Companies & Support Services; Accommodation & Food Services; and Health Care & Social Assistance.

Employment
Employment activity in the non-manufacturing sector contracted in April for the second month in a row following 72 consecutive months of growth. ISM^®'s Non-Manufacturing Employment Index registered 30 percent, down 17 percentage points from the March reading of 47 percent. No industry reported an increase in employment, and all 18 industries reported decreased employment. Comments from respondents include: "Furloughs from COVID-19" and "Employees flexing schedules and furloughed due to decrease in volume."

All 18 industries — listed in order — reported a reduction in employment in April: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Other Services; Management of Companies & Support Services; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Health Care & Social Assistance; Retail Trade; Construction; Transportation & Warehousing; Accommodation & Food Services; Wholesale Trade; Information; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Educational Services; Mining; Public Administration; Finance & Insurance; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; and Utilities.

Supplier Deliveries
The Supplier Deliveries Index registered 78.3 percent, which is 16.2 percentage points higher than the 62.1 percent reported in March. This is the highest reading since the 1997 inception of the Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^®. A reading above 50 percent indicates slower deliveries, while a reading below 50 percent indicates faster deliveries. Comments from respondents include: "Supplier deliveries are being affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Deliveries are slipping due to slower production windows" and "Increased demand on delivery resources."

All 18 industries reported slower deliveries in April; they are listed in order: Management of Companies & Support Services; Utilities; Other Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Transportation & Warehousing; Educational Services; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Retail Trade; Public Administration; Wholesale Trade; Mining; Finance & Insurance; Construction; Information; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; and Accommodation & Food Services. 

Inventories
The Inventories Index contracted in April, registering 46.9 percent, a 5.4-percentage point increase from the 41.5 percent reported in March. Of the total respondents in April, 33.9 percent indicated they do not have inventories or do not measure them. Comments from respondents include: "Blanket or standing orders postponed; ordering on demand" and "Working through excess stock."

The six industries reporting an increase in inventories in April — listed in order — are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Utilities; Health Care & Social Assistance; Retail Trade; Finance & Insurance; and Information. The 10 industries reporting a decrease in inventories in April — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Educational Services; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Construction; Transportation & Warehousing; Accommodation & Food Services; Management of Companies & Support Services; Mining; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; and Wholesale Trade.

Prices
Prices paid by non-manufacturing organizations for materials and services increased in April, with the index registering 55.1 percent. This is 5.1 percentage points higher than the 50 percent reported in March.

The 10 non-manufacturing industries that reported an increase in prices paid during the month of April — listed in order — are: Health Care & Social Assistance; Public Administration; Educational Services; Utilities; Other Services; Transportation & Warehousing; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Information; Finance & Insurance; and Wholesale Trade. The four industries that reported a decrease in prices in April are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Mining; Construction; and Accommodation & Food Services.

NOTE: Commodities reported as up in price and down in price are listed in the commodities section of this report.

Backlog of Orders
ISM^®'s Non-Manufacturing Backlog of Orders Index contracted in April after two consecutive months of growth. The index registered 47.7 percent; 7.3 percentage points lower than the 55 percent reported in March. This is the largest one-month drop since September 2007, when the index decreased by 11.6 percentage points. Of the total respondents in April, 40.8 percent indicated they do not measure backlog of orders.

The three industries reporting an increase in order backlogs in April are: Health Care & Social Assistance; Accommodation & Food Services; and Public Administration. The 10 industries that reported a decrease in backlogs in April — listed in order — are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Mining; Educational Services; Other Services; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Construction; Information; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Utilities; and Wholesale Trade.

New Export Orders
Orders and requests for services and other non-manufacturing activities to be provided outside of the U.S. by domestically based companies contracted in April for the second consecutive month. The New Export Orders Index registered 36.3 percent in April, which is 9.6 percentage points lower than the 45.9 percent reported in March. This is the index's lowest reading since November 2008 (34.5 percent). Of the total respondents in April, 68.4 percent indicated they either do not perform, or do not separately measure, orders for work outside of the U.S.

The three industries reporting an increase in new export orders in April are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Health Care & Social Assistance; and Public Administration. The 14 industries that reported a decrease in exports in April — listed in order — are: Accommodation & Food Services; Utilities; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Educational Services; Mining; Other Services; Wholesale Trade; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Transportation & Warehousing; Management of Companies & Support Services; Construction; Information; and Finance & Insurance.

Imports
The Imports Index contracted for the sixth time in the past eight months, as the index registered 49.3 percent in April, 9.1 percentage points higher than March's figure of 40.2 percent. After its highest one-month percentage-point decrease (12.4) ever in March, the Imports Index's 9.1-percentage point increase is the biggest since February 2016. Fifty-five percent of respondents reported that they do not use, or do not track the use of, imported materials.

The five industries reporting an increase in imports for the month of April are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Health Care & Social Assistance; Transportation & Warehousing; Educational Services; and Public Administration. The eight industries that reported a decrease in imports in April — listed in order — are: Accommodation & Food Services; Construction; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Mining; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Information; Management of Companies & Support Services; and Wholesale Trade.

Inventory Sentiment
The ISM^® Non-Manufacturing Inventory Sentiment Index in April registered 62.6 percent, which is 14.8 percentage points higher than the 47.8-percent reading in March. This is the index's highest reading since July 2017 and its largest single-month increase ever. This indicates that respondents believe their inventories are too high.

The 11 industries reporting sentiment that their inventories were too high in April — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Retail Trade; Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Wholesale Trade; Other Services; Management of Companies & Support Services; Construction; Mining; Information; and Utilities. The four industries reporting a feeling that their inventories were too low in April are: Educational Services; Public Administration; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; and Health Care & Social Assistance.

About This Report
DO NOT CONFUSE THIS NATIONAL REPORT with the various regional purchasing reports released across the country. The national report's information reflects the entire U.S., while the regional reports contain primarily regional data from their local vicinities. Also, the information in the regional reports is not used in calculating the results of the national report. The information compiled in this report is for the month of April 2020.

The data presented herein is obtained from a survey of non-manufacturing supply executives based on information they have collected within their respective organizations. ISM^® makes no representation, other than that stated within this release, regarding the individual company data collection procedures. The data should be compared to all other economic data sources when used in decision-making.

Data and Method of Presentation
The Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^® is based on data compiled from purchasing and supply executives nationwide. Membership of the Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee is diversified by NAICS, based on each industry's contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). The Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee responses are divided into the following NAICS code categories: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Mining; Utilities; Construction; Wholesale Trade; Retail Trade; Transportation & Warehousing; Information; Finance & Insurance; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Management of Companies & Support Services; Educational Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Accommodation & Food Services; Public Administration; and Other Services (services such as Equipment & Machinery Repairing; Promoting or Administering Religious Activities; Grantmaking; Advocacy; and Providing Dry-Cleaning & Laundry Services, Personal Care Services, Death Care Services, Pet Care Services, Photofinishing Services, Temporary Parking Services, and Dating Services).

Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month. For each of the indicators measured (Business Activity, New Orders, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders, Inventory Change, Inventory Sentiment, Imports, Prices, Employment and Supplier Deliveries), this report shows the percentage reporting each response and the diffusion index. Responses represent raw data and are never changed. Data is seasonally adjusted for Business Activity, New Orders, Prices and Employment. All seasonal adjustment factors are subject annually to relatively minor changes when conditions warrant them. The remaining indexes have not indicated significant seasonality.

The NMI^® (Non-Manufacturing Index) is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for four of the indicators with equal weights: Business Activity (seasonally adjusted), New Orders (seasonally adjusted), Employment (seasonally adjusted) and Supplier Deliveries. Diffusion indexes have the properties of leading indicators and are convenient summary measures showing the prevailing direction of change and the scope of change. An index reading above 50 percent indicates that the non-manufacturing economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates that it is generally declining. Supplier Deliveries is an exception. A Supplier Deliveries Index above 50 percent indicates slower deliveries and below 50 percent indicates faster deliveries.

An NMI^® above 48.5 percent, over time, indicates that the overall economy, or gross domestic product (GDP), is generally expanding; below 48.5 percent, it is generally declining. The distance from 50 percent or 48.5 percent is indicative of the strength of the expansion or decline.

The Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^® survey is sent out to Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee respondents the first part of each month. Respondents are asked to ONLY report on information for the current month. ISM^® receives survey responses throughout most of any given month, with the majority of respondents generally waiting until late in the month to submit responses in order to give the most accurate picture of current business activity. ISM^® then compiles the report for release on the third business day of the following month.

The industries reporting growth, as indicated in the Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^® monthly report, are listed in the order of most growth to least growth. For the industries reporting contraction or decreases, those are listed in the order of the highest level of contraction/decrease to the least level of contraction/decrease.

ISM ROB Content
The Institute for Supply Management^® ("ISM") Report On Business^® (both Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing) ("ISM ROB") contains information, text, files, images, video, sounds, musical works, works of authorship, applications, and any other materials or content (collectively, "Content") of ISM ("ISM ROB Content"). ISM ROB Content is protected by copyright, trademark, trade secret, and other laws, and as between you and ISM, ISM owns and retains all rights in the ISM ROB Content. ISM hereby grants you a limited, revocable, nonsublicensable license to access and display on your individual device the ISM ROB Content (excluding any software code) solely for your personal, non-commercial use. The ISM ROB Content shall also contain Content of users and other ISM licensors. Except as provided herein or as explicitly allowed in writing by ISM, you shall not copy, download, stream, capture, reproduce, duplicate, archive, upload, modify, translate, publish, broadcast, transmit, retransmit, distribute, perform, display, sell, or otherwise use any ISM ROB Content.

Except as explicitly and expressly permitted by ISM, you are strictly prohibited from creating works or materials (including, but not limited to: tables, charts, data streams, time-series variables, fonts, icons, link buttons, wallpaper, desktop themes, online postcards, montages, mashups and similar videos, greeting cards, and unlicensed merchandise) that derive from or are based on the ISM ROB Content. This prohibition applies regardless of whether the derivative works or materials are sold, bartered, or given away. You shall not either directly or through the use of any device, software, internet site, web-based service, or other means remove, alter, bypass, avoid, interfere with, or circumvent any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices marked on the Content or any digital rights management mechanism, device, or other content protection or access control measure associated with the Content including geo-filtering mechanisms. Without prior written authorization from ISM, you shall not build a business utilizing the Content, whether or not for profit.

You shall not create, recreate, distribute, incorporate in other work, or advertise an index of any portion of the Content unless you receive prior written authorization from ISM. Requests for permission to reproduce or distribute ISM ROB Content can be made by contacting in writing at: ISM Research, Institute for Supply Management, 309 W. Elliot Road, Suite 113, Tempe, AZ 85284-1556, or by emailing [email protected]; subject: Content Request.

ISM shall not have any liability, duty, or obligation for or relating to the ISM ROB Content or other information contained herein, any errors, inaccuracies, omissions or delays in providing any ISM ROB Content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon. In no event shall ISM be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages, arising out of the use of the ISM ROB. Report On Business^®, PMI^®, and NMI^® are registered trademarks of Institute for Supply Management^®. Institute for Supply Management^® and ISM^® are registered trademarks of Institute for Supply Management, Inc.

About Institute for Supply Management^®
Institute for Supply Management^® (ISM^®) serves supply management professionals in more than 90 countries. Its 50,000 members around the world manage about US$1 trillion in corporate and government supply chain procurement annually. Founded in 1915 as the first supply management institute in the world, ISM is committed to advancing the practice of supply management to drive value and competitive advantage for its members, contributing to a prosperous and sustainable world. ISM leads the profession through the ISM Report On Business^®, its highly regarded certification programs and the ISM Mastery Model^®. This report has been issued by the association since 1931, except for a four-year interruption during World War II.

The full text version of the Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^® is posted on ISM^®'s website at www.ismrob.org on the third business day* of every month after 10:00 a.m. ET.

The next Non-Manufacturing ISM^® Report On Business^® featuring May 2020 data will be released at 10:00 a.m. ET on Wednesday, June 3, 2020.

*Unless the New York Stock Exchange is closed.

SOURCE Institute for Supply Management

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