Algal DHA Omega-3 Supplementation Improves Sleep Duration in School-Aged Children

COLUMBIA, Md., March 10, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Supplementation of long-chain omega-3s, and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in particular, were associated with seven fewer wake episodes and longer sleep duration – 58 minutes of more sleep per night – in a subset of children, according to a new study conducted at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Additionally, higher blood levels of DHA may relate to better sleep among children based on parent-rated observations.

The paper titled, "Fatty acids and sleep in U.K. children: Subjective and pilot objective sleep results from the DOLAB study – a randomized controlled trial," was recently published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Sleep Research. The randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial and the observational analysis were a part of the independent study – DHA Oxford Learning and Behavior (DOLAB) study –initiated at the University of Oxford and funded by a grant from DSM Nutritional Products.

Intervention trial
The DOLAB randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial explored whether 16-week supplementation of 600 mg of DHA from algae per day verses corn/soybean oil placebo may improve sleep in a subset of children (n=362) aged 7-9 years recruited from mainstream schools in Oxfordshire, U.K. who were underperforming in reading. Additionally, the lead investigators assessed sleep patterns objectively in a random subgroup of 43 children by actigraphy (a non-invasive method of monitoring rest and activity cycles) and via sleep diaries completed by the children's parents. The following variables were measured by actigraphy over five nights:

• Sleep onset and offset times;
• Sleep duration in minutes;
• Minutes awake between sleep onset and offset;
• Sleep efficiency (total sleep time divided by time in bed);
• Sleep latency (minutes needed to fall asleep);
• Number of wakings after sleep onset.

While the treatment trial did not show significant effects on sleep measures, as reported by the parent questionnaire (Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire – CSHQ), algal DHA supplementation did lead to an average of seven fewer wake episodes and 58 minutes of more sleep per night in the actigraphy subgroup of children.

Observation study
The investigators also examined associations between blood fatty acid concentrations from fingerstick blood samples and subjective sleep using the CSHQ in a large epidemiological sample of children (n=395) participating in the DOLAB study.

Parents and caregivers were asked to rate their child's sleep habits over a typical week on 45 items using a three-point scale. Scores from the CSHQ questionnaire indicated 40 percent of the children had clinical-level sleep problems.

Higher levels of DHA in the blood were significantly associated with better sleep, including less bedtime resistance, parasomnia and total sleep disturbance. Additionally, higher ratios of DHA and the long-chain omega-6 fatty acid ARA (arachidonic acid) were associated with less sleep disturbances.

The importance of DHA throughout life
DHA is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid found throughout the body. It is a major structural fat in the brain, accounting for up to 97 percent of the omega-3 fats in the brain. Numerous studies confirm that everyone, from infants to adults, benefits from an adequate supply of DHA. Throughout every stage of life, DHA is proven to be important for brain health.

For children who do not eat fish at least two times a week, parents can find supplements and fortified foods and beverages made with a vegetarian and sustainable source of DHA from algae. life'sDHA™, the algal source of DHA used in the DOLAB intervention and marketed by DSM, can be found in hundreds of supplements and fortified foods and beverages. For more information about life'sDHA visit www.lifesdha.com.

DSM – Bright Science. Brighter Living.™
Royal DSM is a global science-based company active in health, nutrition and materials. By connecting its unique competences in Life Sciences and Materials Sciences DSM is driving economic prosperity, environmental progress and social advances to create sustainable value for all stakeholders simultaneously. DSM delivers innovative solutions that nourish, protect and improve performance in global markets such as food and dietary supplements, personal care, feed, medical devices, automotive, paints, electrical and electronics, life protection, alternative energy and bio-based materials. DSM's 24,500 employees deliver annual net sales of around €10 billion. The company is listed on NYSE Euronext. More information can be found at www.dsm.com.

For more information:
DSM Nutritional Products
Andrea Martin
tel. + 1 240.512.2639
email [email protected]  

Forward-looking statements
This press release may contain forward-looking statements with respect to DSM's future (financial) performance and position. Such statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections of DSM and information currently available to the company. DSM cautions readers that such statements involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and therefore it should be understood that many factors can cause actual performance and position to differ materially from these statements. DSM has no obligation to update the statements contained in this press release, unless required by law. The English language version of the press release is leading. Although DSM has used diligent care to ensure that the information provided herein is accurate and up to date, this publication does not constitute or provide scientific or medical advice and is distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressly or implied.

SOURCE DSM Nutritional Products

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