Waste-Derived Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment

NEW YORK, Oct. 19, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Waste-Derived Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment

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REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

THIS REPORT CONTAINS:

* An overview of anaerobic digestion equipment in the Asian biogas plant market by plant configuration and by digester type

* Analysis of market trends, with data from 2000, estimates for 2005, 2010 and 2011, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2016

* A breakdown of the Asian market by waste type, including municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, livestock wastes, and landfill leachate, as well as by biogas end use, including municipal power generation, on-site power generation, and motive power

* Discussion of industry structure and competitive analyses of plant suppliers and equipment manufacturers

* Comprehensive company profiles

* A patent survey by application and by company.

REPORT SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Renewable, sustainable energy generation will be the fastest-growing energy sector over the next two decades. From 2010 to 2016, the market is projected to rise from $124 billion in 2010 to $217 billion in 2016. Price volatility, supply concerns, and the environmental aspects of fossil fuels are expected to accelerate the pace of all non-fossil fuel development. At this writing, the price of oil has hit highs of more than $100 per barrel on the world market, while U.S. drivers are paying nearly $4 per gallon of gasoline. Renewable domestic energy supplies are seen as a means of overcoming these problems. Biogas, a clean fuel derived primarily from waste materials, is an important alternative to conventional fossil energy.

This BCC Research report provides an in-depth analysis of the world market for the anaerobic digestion equipment used to transform waste materials into sustainable energy. Although energy crops are utilized widely in Germany and some other countries for biogas production, this study will only cover gas recovered from wastes. The study also examines the equipment needed to collect landfill gas (LFG), biogas formed naturally at landfill sites.

Four waste types are evaluated as feed materials for the waste-to energy process: sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastes (crop residuals and manure), and landfill gas. Three different end uses for the gas are also examined: municipal electricity production, on-site electricity (and heat) production, and transportation fuel.

The biogas industry is better developed in other parts of the world than in North America. In addition to the U.S. and Canada, this report will cover Europe, where the industry is best developed; Asia, where the largest number of plants are operating; Africa, where the anaerobic process is rapidly gaining popularity; and other world regions where biogas recovery is emerging.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

The need to responsibly dispose of mounting volumes of waste and the requirement to procure sustainable, secure energy supplies are two of the most important issues facing governments and industries around the globe. The production of energy from a number of waste streams (i.e., municipal and domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, landfills, livestock manure, and agricultural residues) is a process that addresses both of these challenges.

In the current waste-to-energy market, anaerobic digestion offers the most sustainable conversion process. Because the technology can be tailored to suit waste streams of all volumes, systems may be sized for use in households, commercial enterprises, utilities, and industry.

In this context, it is important to have an overview of the market and the drivers that support adoption of the best strategies by governments responsible for sustainable waste handling and energy supply solutions. It is also important for industry players and technology developers to understand current as well as future trends in order to strategize their investments. BCC has published reports that provide broad overviews of waste-to-energy markets. This is the first to focus exclusively on anaerobic digestion as an enabling technology.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This study intended to useful to a broad audience. Because they stand to see the greatest profit from expansion of the biogas industry, manufacturers and suppliers of anaerobic digesters and providers of anaerobic digestion technology would likely benefit the most from the data contained in this study. Companies with plant components, ancillary equipment, and related products also might profit from the information collected here.

These include manufacturers and suppliers of biogas condensation and upgrading equipment and technology, biogas distributors, water and power engineering firms, suppliers of power plants and electricity generating equipment, environmental management firms, companies specializing in anaerobic digestion equipment and other water and wastewater treatment equipment, companies developing additives (chemicals, enzymes, etc.) to enhance gas production yields and process efficiencies.

SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT

The scope of this report includes the market for biogas to energy for four different feed sources: municipal and domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, landfill gas, and agricultural wastes, a category that includes animal manures and crop residues. In countries where energy crops are co-digested with manure and other organic farm wastes, they are considered to be part of the market. The biogas market also is broken down by end use: municipal power generation, on-site heat and power production, and transportation applications.

A discussion of the market by world region includes overviews of North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and individual profiles for countries most active in each region. Present market status, biogas production potential, and policies and incentives that support the industry are given for each country. All market valuations and projections cover the years from 2000 to 2016. Market figures are based on the revenues derived from equipment sales and are projected in 2011 constant dollars (i.e., inflation is not computed into the projection figures). The revenue figures are derived from estimated revenues of the key players in a particular year.

A technology overview, presentation on the structure of the industry, and brief profiles for major participating companies also are included.

For the purposes of the report, biogas equipment will be limited to anaerobic digesters and the gas collection equipment needed in landfill gas recovery projects. The machinery used to transform the gas to electricity: reciprocating and other types of gas engines, turbine and microturbines, and fuel cells, are not included in the analysis. Systems for biogas upgrading also are not included in the study.

METHODOLOGY

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. A comprehensive literature, patent, and Internet search was undertaken and key industry players were queried. Research METHODOLOGY was both quantitative and qualitative. Growth rates were calculated based on existing and proposed equipment sales during the forecast period. Key tables in the report present an overview of average capital costs for digesters of various sizes and for different applications. These figures then were multiplied by anticipated biogas recovery capacity additions during the survey period.

INFORMATION SOURCES

Information in this report was gleaned from many different sources. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, annual reports, patent literature, business, scientific, and industry journals, government reports, census information, conference literature, patent documents, online resources, and industry participants have all been researched.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

During the past 15 years, Susan Hanft has authored more than 30 market research reports for BCC Research in the fields of membrane technology, water and wastewater treatment, and separations used in food and beverage manufacture, medicine, and biotechnology.

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY .. 1

INTENDED AUDIENCE .... 2

SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT .... 2

METHODOLOGY 3

INFORMATION SOURCES .... 3

ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4

RELATED REPORTS .... 4

BCC ONLINE SERVICES .. 4

DISCLAIMER . 4

CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ... 5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ... 5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 6

SUMMARY TABLE VALUE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOGAS

AND LANDFILL GAS EQUIPMENT FOR WASTE-DERIVED

ENERGY, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 7

SUMMARY FIGURE VALUE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOGAS

PLANT EQUIPMENT FOR WASTEWATER- AND BIOSOLIDSDERIVED

ENERGY, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) .. 7

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW 8

TABLE 1 GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SOURCE,

2010 (BTU QUADRILLION, %) .... 8

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SOURCE,

2010 (BTU QUADRILLION, %) .... 9

BENEFITS .... 10

TABLE 2 GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY EMISSION

TYPE (%) ... 10

FIGURE 2 GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY EMISSION

TYPE (%) ... 11

ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS COMPARED TO OTHER FORMS OF

RENEWABLE ENERGY .. 12

BARRIERS TO LARGE-SCALE BIOGAS PLANT DEPLOYMENT .... 13

BENEFITS OF SMALL-SCALE BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS ... 14

BARRIERS TO SMALL-SCALE BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS ... 14

GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL ... 15

TABLE 3 GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY FEED

SOURCE (TOE/YR) 15

FIGURE 3 GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY FEED

SOURCE (TOE/YR) 16

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE BIOGAS INDUSTRY .. 16

POLICY .... 16

INCENTIVES .... 17

HISTORY OF BIOGAS 17

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ... 18

TABLE 4 SUITABLE FEEDSTOCKS FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION .. 19

ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS ... 19

PROCESS STEPS .. 20

BATCH OR CONTINUOUS METHODS . 21

TEMPERATURE .... 22

PH LEVELS .. 22

SOLIDS CONTENT .... 23

RETENTION TIME .... 23

BIOGAS YIELDS ... 24

STAGES ... 24

ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS .. 25

Anaerobic Lagoon .. 25

Covered Lagoon Digester 25

Plug-Flow Anaerobic Digester .. 26

Anaerobic Contact Digester . 27

Anaerobic Filter 27

UASB Reactor ... 27

Hybrid Reactor .. 28

Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors . 28

Anaerobic Baffled Reactor .... 28

Anaerobic Migrating Blanket Reactor 28

CSTR .. 29

Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor . 29

Internal Circulation Reactor 30

RESIDENCE TIME 30

FEEDSTOCKS .. 30

Feedstocks (Continued) ... 31

END PRODUCTS ... 32

Biogas . 32

TABLE 5 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS (%) 32

FIGURE 4 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS (%) ... 33

Post Treatment 33

• Upgrading . 34

Digestate . 35

Acidogenic Anaerobic Digestate .... 35

Methanogenic Digestate . 35

Water .. 36

FIGURE 5 THE BIOGAS VALUE CHAIN .... 36

FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS AND COSTS ... 36

FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS AND COSTS (CONTINUED) 37

CHAPTER FOUR: MARKET BY FEED SOURCE . 38

AGRICULTURE . 38

INDUSTRIAL WASTES ... 39

MUNICIPAL SEWAGE .... 39

LANDFILLS .. 40

TABLE 6 MARKET BY FEED SOURCE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 41

FIGURE 6 MARKET BY FEED SOURCE, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) 41

MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER ... 42

AD TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER.... 42

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER .. 43

TABLE 7 INDUSTRIAL WASTE FEEDSTOCKS FOR ANAEROBIC

DIGESTION: DRY MATTER CONTENT, ORGANIC DRY MATTER

CONTENT, BIOGAS YIELD, AND METHANE CONTENT.. 44

AGRICULTURAL WASTES .. 45

TABLE 8 ANIMAL WASTE FEEDSTOCKS FOR ANAEROBIC

DIGESTION: DRY MATTER CONTENT, ORGANIC DRY MATTER

CONTENT, BIOGAS YIELD, AND METHANE CONTENT.. 45

TABLE 8 (CONTINUED) ... 46

TABLE 9 PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS FOR MANURE-BASED

BIOGAS PLANTS .... 46

TABLE 10 ENGINEERING, EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION

COSTS FOR MANURE-BASED BIOGAS PLANTS ($) .... 47

LANDFILL GAS. 47

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION IN A LANDFILL.... 47

TABLE 11 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL BIOGAS .... 48

FIGURE 7 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL BIOGAS (%) .. 49

LANDFILL GAS TO ENERGY SYSTEMS ... 50

Passive Collection Systems .. 50

Active Collection Systems .... 51

CHAPTER FIVE: MARKET BY END USE ... 52

MARKET BY END USE ... 52

TABLE 12 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT BY END USE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 53

FIGURE 8 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT BY END USE, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) .. 53

MUNICIPAL POWER GENERATION 53

MUNICIPAL POWER GENERATION (CONTINUED) .. 54

ON-SITE HEAT AND POWER GENERATION . 55

TABLE 13 EFFICIENCY COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY ONLY

PLANTS AND CHP PLANTS (%) ... 56

FIGURE 9 EFFICIENCY COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY ONLY

PLANTS AND CHP PLANTS (%) ... 56

MOTIVE POWER ... 56

BENEFITS OF USING NATURAL GAS AS

TRANSPORTATION FUEL . 57

BENEFITS OF USING BIOMETHANE AS A

TRANSPORTATION FUEL . 58

GLOBAL GROWTH OF NGVS .. 58

TABLE 14 GLOBAL GROWTH OF NGVS, 2000–2010 (MILLION

VEHICLES) .... 58

FIGURE 10 GLOBAL GROWTH OF NGVS, 2000–2010 (MILLION

VEHICLES) .... 59

TABLE 15 MARKET PENETRATION OF TOTAL VEHICLE FLEET IN

COUNTRIES WITH A 1% OR GREATER NGV MARKET SHARE,

2010 (%) 60

FIGURE 11 MARKET PENETRATION OF TOTAL VEHICLE FLEET IN

COUNTRIES WITH A 1% OR GREATER NGV MARKET SHARE,

2010 (%) 61

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES FOR THE USE OF

BIOMETHANE AS A TRANSPORTATION FUEL 61

MARKET BY WORLD REGION 62

MARKET BY WORLD REGION (CONTINUED) ... 63

MARKET BY WORLD REGION (CONTINUED) ... 64

TABLE 16 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT BY WORLD REGION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) ... 65

FIGURE 12 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT BY WORLD REGION, 2000–2016 ($

MILLIONS) .... 65

CHAPTER SIX: BIOGAS IN NORTH AMERICA ... 66

U.S. . 66

ON-FARM BIOGAS PRODUCTION ... 66

MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER-DERIVED BIOGAS .... 67

INDUSTRIAL WASTE-DERIVED BIOGAS . 67

LANDFILL GAS 68

BARRIERS TO THE U.S. BIOGAS MARKET ... 68

CANADA .. 69

MEXICO ... 70

TABLE 17 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 71

FIGURE 13 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, 2000–2016 ($

MILLIONS) .... 71

INSTALLED U.S. PLANTS BY FEED SOURCE .... 72

TABLE 18 SHARE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BIOGAS MARKET BY

FEED SOURCE, 2011 (NO. OF FACILITIES/%) ... 72

FIGURE 14 SHARE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BIOGAS MARKET

BY FEED SOURCE, 2011 (%) 72

U.S. . 73

TABLE 19 ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE

ENERGY BY ENERGY USE SECTOR AND ENERGY SOURCE, 2004–

2009 (THOUSAND KWH) . 73

TABLE 19 (CONTINUED) . 74

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES . 75

Existing Legislation .... 75

Failed Legislation .. 76

TABLE 20 PROPOSED U.S. LEGISLATION THAT DID NOT PASS 76

TABLE 20 (CONTINUED) . 77

WASTEWATER DIGESTION IN THE U.S. . 77

Study on Sewage Gas to Power Federal Buildings 78

FIGURE 15 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS NEAR FEDERAL

FACILITIES ... 78

ON-FARM DIGESTION IN THE U.S. 79

TABLE 21 U.S. FARMS REPORTING METHANE DIGESTERS,

NUMBER OF DIGESTERS, METHANE PRODUCED,

INSTALLATION COST, PERCENT FUNDED BY OUTSIDE

SOURCES, AND YEAR OF INSTALLATION, 2009 .... 79

TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) . 80

TABLE 22 U.S. ON-FARM DIGESTERS BY STATE, 2010 (NO.) .. 80

TABLE 22 (CONTINUED) . 81

FIGURE 16 U.S. ON-FARM DIGESTERS BY STATE, 2010 (NO.) 82

TABLE 23 ON-FARM BIOGAS DIGESTERS IN THE U.S., 1981-2010

(NO.) 82

FIGURE 17 ON-FARM BIOGAS DIGESTERS IN THE U.S. (NO.) .... 83

TABLE 24 U.S. ON-FARM DIGESTERS BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2010 (NO.) ... 83

TABLE 24 (CONTINUED) . 84

FIGURE 18 U.S. ON-FARM DIGESTERS BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2010 . 84

FIGURE 19 ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION POTENTIAL FROM

U.S. DIARY FARMS, BY STATE 85

FIGURE 20 ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION POTENTIAL FROM

U.S. HOG FARMS, BY STATE ... 86

Incentives for On-farm Digester Projects 87

FIGURE 21 RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS, MAY 2010 .. 88

Incentives in California .. 88

TABLE 25 SELF-GENERATION INCENTIVES IN CALIFORNIA .... 89

Incentives in Vermont .... 89

Incentives in Other States ... 90

LANDFILL GAS-TO-ENERGY IN THE U.S. .... 90

Electricity Generation 90

Direct Use .... 91

Cogeneration 91

TABLE 26 INSTALLED LFG AND BIOGAS CHP GENERATION

CAPACITY IN THE U.S., 1970–2010 (MW) .. 91

FIGURE 22 INSTALLED LFG AND BIOGAS CHP GENERATION

CAPACITY IN THE U.S., 1970–2010 (MW) .. 92

TABLE 27 INSTALLED LFG AND BIOGAS CHP GENERATION

CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY FEED SOURCE, 2010 (MW/%) ... 92

FIGURE 23 INSTALLED LFG AND BIOGAS CHP GENERATION

CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY FEED SOURCE, 2010 (%) .. 93

Alternative Fuels ... 93

TABLE 28 U.S. NATURAL GAS VEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTION,

2000–2010 (FT3, MILLION) .... 94

FIGURE 24 U.S. NATURAL GAS VEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTION,

2000–2010 (FT3, MILLION) .... 95

FIGURE 25 U.S. NATURAL GAS PIPELINE NETWORK, 2009 ... 96

U.S. LANDFILL GAS PROJECTS BY STATE .. 96

TABLE 29 U.S. LANDFILL GAS PROJECTS AND CANDIDATE

PROJECTS, DECEMBER 15, 2010 (NO.) 97

TABLE 29 (CONTINUED) . 98

Landfill Methane Outreach Program . 98

FIGURE 26 U.S. LANDFILL GAS PROJECTS AND CANDIDATE

PROJECTS, 2010 (NO.) .... 99

Incentives for Landfill Gas-to-Energy Projects . 99

Renewable Portfolio Standards ... 100

FIGURE 27 STATES WITH RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS

AND STATES WITH RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO GOALS, JUNE 2010 .... 101

Net Metering .. 101

CANADA 102

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 102

TABLE 30 FEED-IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS IN ONTARIO ($/KWH) . 103

MEXICO . 104

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 104

Policies and Incentives (Continued) . 105

CHAPTER SEVEN: BIOGAS IN EUROPE . 106

BIOGAS IN EUROPE 106

GERMANY .. 107

U.K. .... 107

ITALY 108

FRANCE . 108

SPAIN 109

BENELUX ... 109

SCANDINAVIA 110

OTHER COUNTRIES 111

TABLE 31 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT IN EUROPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 111

FIGURE 28 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN EUROPE, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) 112

TABLE 32 SHARE OF THE EUROPEAN BIOGAS MARKET BY FEED

SOURCE, 2010 (NO. OF FACILITIES/%) ... 113

FIGURE 29 SHARE OF THE EUROPEAN BIOGAS MARKET BY FEED

SOURCE, 2010 (%) 113

EU-WIDE POLICIES THAT SUPPORT BIOGAS 113

TABLE 33 EU AND NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS

FOR 2020, AS OF 2010 (%) .. 114

FIGURE 30 EU AND NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS

FOR 2020, AS OF 2010 (%) .. 115

EU POTENTIAL FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION .. 116

TABLE 34 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY TOP 15 BIOGAS

PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN THE EU BY 2020 (KTOE) . 117

FIGURE 31 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY TOP 15 BIOGAS

PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN THE EU BY 2020 (KTOE) . 118

TABLE 35 EXISTING AND FORECAST BIOGAS ELECTRICITY

GENERATING CAPACITY IN THE EU, 2010-2020 (NO. OF PLANTS,

MW) 119

TABLE 36 ANNUAL SLUDGE PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2010 (KG

DRY SOLIDS PER CAPITA) 119

FIGURE 32 ANNUAL SLUDGE PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2010

(KG DRY SOLIDS PER CAPITA) .. 120

PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE EU .... 121

TABLE 37 CRUDE BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE EU BY COUNTRY,

2000 AND 2001 (KTOE) ... 121

TABLE 37 (CONTINUED) .... 122

FIGURE 33 CRUDE BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE EU BY

COUNTRY, 2000 AND 2001 (KTOE) .. 122

TABLE 38 PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE EU,

2006 AND 2007 (KTOE) ... 123

FIGURE 34 PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE

EU, 2006 AND 2007 (KTOE) 124

TABLE 39 GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS IN

THE EU, 2006 AND 2007 (KTOE) . 125

FIGURE 35 GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS IN

THE EU, 2006 AND 2007 (KTOE) . 126

TABLE 40 PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE EU,

2008 AND 2009 (KTOE) ... 127

FIGURE 36 PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE

EU, 2008 AND 2009 (KTOE) 128

TABLE 41 GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS IN

THE EU, 2008 AND 2009 (KTOE) . 129

FIGURE 37 GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS IN

THE EU, 2008 AND 2009 (KTOE) . 130

TABLE 42 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PER INHABITANT BY COUNTRY,

2007 AND 2009 (TOE/1,000 INHABITANTS).. 131

FIGURE 38 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PER INHABITANT BY COUNTRY,

2007 AND 2009 (TOE/1,000 INHABITANTS).. 132

COUNTRY PROFILES ... 132

AUSTRIA .... 132

Policies and Incentives .. 133

TABLE 43 AUSTRIAN FITS FOR ELECTRICITY FROM BIOGAS

($/KWH) .. 133

BELGIUM ... 134

Policies and Incentives .. 134

CYPRUS 135

Policies and Incentives .. 135

CZECH REPUBLIC .. 135

Policies and Incentives .. 136

DENMARK . 136

TABLE 44 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN DENMARK BY FEED

SOURCE, 2010 (NO.) .. 137

FIGURE 39 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN DENMARK BY FEED

SOURCE, 2010 (NO.) .. 137

Policy and Incentives 138

TABLE 45 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN DENMARK BY FEED

MATERIAL TYPE, 2000-2010 (PJ/YR) . 138

FIGURE 40 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN DENMARK BY FEED

MATERIAL TYPE, 2000-2010 (PJ/YR ) 139

ESTONIA .... 140

Policies and Incentives .. 140

FINLAND ... 140

TABLE 46 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN FINLAND BY FEED

SOURCE, 2010 (NO./%) . 141

FIGURE 41 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN FINLAND BY FEED

SOURCE, 2010 (%) 141

TABLE 47 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN FINLAND BY 2015

(TWH) . 142

FIGURE 42 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN FINLAND BY

2015 (TWH) .. 143

Policies and Incentives .. 143

FRANCE 143

TABLE 48 BIOGAS PLANTS IN FRANCE BY FEED SOURCE, 2010

(NO.) ... 144

FIGURE 43 BIOGAS PLANTS IN FRANCE BY FEED SOURCE, 2010

(NO.) ... 144

Policies and Incentives .. 145

TABLE 49 PROPOSED FEED-IN TARIFFS IN FRANCE ($/KWH) 145

GERMANY . 146

TABLE 50 GERMAN BIOGAS PLANTS BY WASTE TYPE, 2010 (NO.) .... 146

FIGURE 44 GERMAN BIOGAS PLANTS BY WASTE TYPE, 2010 (NO.) .. 147

TABLE 51 BIOGAS PLANTS IN GERMANY, 1992–2010 (NO., MW) .... 148

FIGURE 45 BIOGAS PLANTS IN GERMANY, 1992–2010 (NO.) 148

Policies and Incentives .. 148

TABLE 52 GERMAN FEED IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS ENERGY

($/KWH) .. 149

Challenges .. 149

Ongoing R&D .. 150

GREECE 150

Policies and Incentives .. 151

HUNGARY . 151

TABLE 53 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN HUNGARY BY

FEED SOURCE (TWH, %) .. 152

FIGURE 46 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN HUNGARY BY

FEED SOURCE (%) .... 152

Policies and Incentives .. 152

IRELAND ... 153

TABLE 54 BIOGAS PLANTS IN IRELAND BY TYPE, 2010 (NO./%) .. 153

FIGURE 47 BIOGAS PLANTS IN IRELAND BY TYPE, 2010 (%) .... 154

TABLE 55 BIOGAS AND METHANE POTENTIAL FROM FARM

SLURRIES AND SLAUGHTER WASTES IN IRELAND, 2010 AND

2020 .... 154

FIGURE 48 BIOGAS AND METHANE POTENTIAL FROM FARM

SLURRIES AND SLAUGHTER WASTES IN IRELAND, 2020 (MMN3) 155

Policies and Incentives .. 155

TABLE 56 FEED-IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS SUPPORT IRELAND

($/KWH) .. 155

ITALY .... 156

TABLE 57 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN ITALY BY FEED SOURCE, 2010

(%) .. 157

FIGURE 49 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN ITALY BY FEED SOURCE,

2010 (%) ... 157

TABLE 58 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN ITALY BY FEED

SOURCE (MILLION MT/YR, %) .. 158

FIGURE 50 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN ITALY BY FEED

SOURCE (%) 158

Policies and Incentives .. 159

TABLE 59 ITALIAN FEED-IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

($/KWH) .. 159

LATVIA .. 159

TABLE 60 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN LATVIA BY FEED

SOURCE (MILLION M3/YR, %) .... 160

FIGURE 51 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN LATVIA BY FEED

SOURCE (%) 161

Policies and Incentives .. 161

LITHUANIA .... 161

Policies and Incentives .. 162

LUXEMBOURG ... 162

Policies and Incentives .. 162

THE NETHERLANDS ... 163

Policies and Incentives .. 163

TABLE 61 DUTCH PRICE SUPPORTS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION ($) .... 164

NORWAY .... 164

TABLE 62 END USE OF BIOGAS IN NORWAY, 2010 (%) 165

FIGURE 52 END USE OF BIOGAS IN NORWAY, 2010 (%) ... 165

TABLE 63 POTENTIAL ENERGY PRODUCTION IN NORWAY BY

WASTE RESOURCES AND BY-PRODUCTS (%) . 166

FIGURE 53 POTENTIAL ENERGY PRODUCTION IN NORWAY BY

WASTE RESOURCES AND BY-PRODUCTS (%) . 166

Policies and Incentives .. 167

POLAND 167

TABLE 64 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN POLAND BY FEED

SOURCE AND END USE, 2010 (NO., MW) . 168

FIGURE 54 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN POLAND BY FEED

SOURCE AND END USE, 2010 (NO.) ... 168

Policies and Incentives .. 169

PORTUGAL 169

Policies and Incentives .. 169

ROMANIA .. 170

Policies and Incentives .. 170

SLOVAKIA . 170

Policies and Incentives .. 171

SLOVENIA . 171

TABLE 65 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SLOVENIA BY FEED SOURCE,

2009 (NO., %) .... 171

FIGURE 55 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SLOVENIA BY FEED SOURCE,

2009 (%) ... 172

Policies and Incentives .. 172

SPAIN .... 173

TABLE 66 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN SPAIN BY FEED

SOURCE .. 173

FIGURE 56 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN SPAIN BY FEED

SOURCE (M3/YEAR) . 174

Policies and Incentives .. 174

SWEDEN .... 175

TABLE 67 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SWEDEN BY FEED SOURCE,

2010 (NO./%) .... 175

FIGURE 57 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SWEDEN BY FEED SOURCE,

2010 (%) ... 176

TABLE 68 END USES FOR BIOGAS IN SWEDEN, 2010 (%) 176

FIGURE 58 END USES FOR BIOGAS IN SWEDEN, 2010 (%) ... 177

TABLE 69 NATURAL GAS/BIOGAS FILLING STATIONS IN SWEDEN,

1995–2010 (NO.) 178

FIGURE 59 NATURAL GAS/BIOGAS FILLING STATIONS IN

SWEDEN, 1995–2010 (NO.) . 178

TABLE 70 AMOUNTS OF VEHICLE GAS SOLD, 1995–2009 (1,000 M3) .. 179

FIGURE 60 AMOUNTS OF VEHICLE GAS SOLD, 1995–2009 (1,000 M3) 179

Policies and Incentives .. 180

SWITZERLAND ... 180

Policies and Incentives .. 181

U.K. ... 181

TABLE 71 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN THE U.K. BY FEED

SOURCE, 2009 (NO.) .. 181

FIGURE 61 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN THE U.K. BY FEED

SOURCE, 2009 (NO.) .. 182

TABLE 72 BIOGAS CAPACITY IN THE U.K., OPERATIONAL, INBUILD,

AND IN PLANNING STAGES, 2010 (MT) ... 182

FIGURE 62 BIOGAS CAPACITY IN THE U.K., OPERATIONAL, UNDER

CONSTRUCTION, AND IN PLANNING STAGES, 2010 (MT) 183

TABLE 73 TOTAL METHANE PRODUCTION FROM AD IN THE U.K.,

2010 .... 183

FIGURE 63 TOTAL METHANE PRODUCTION FROM AD IN THE U.K.

BY FEED SOURCE, 2010 (TOE) ... 184

TABLE 74 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN THE U.K. (MT/YR,

%) ... 184

TABLE 74 (CONTINUED) .... 185

FIGURE 64 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN THE U.K. BY

FEED SOURCE (DRY MT/YR) 185

Policies and Incentives .. 185

TABLE 75 ENERGY PRODUCED UNDER ROCS IN THE U.K., 2005-

2009 (GWH) .. 186

THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES .. 187

Biogas Production Potential in Russia .. 187

Biogas Production Potential … (Continued) ... 188

CHAPTER EIGHT: BIOGAS IN ASIA ... 189

CHINA .... 189

CHINA (CONTINUED).. 190

INDIA 191

JAPAN .... 192

OTHER COUNTRIES 193

TABLE 76 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT IN ASIA, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) ... 193

FIGURE 65 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN ASIA, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) .. 194

CHINA .... 194

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 194

INDIA 195

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 196

JAPAN .... 196

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 197

EMERGING ASIA 197

TABLE 77 DOMESTIC BIOGAS PLANTS INSTALLED THROUGH SNV

IN EMERGING ASIA, 2008–2010 (NO.) . 198

FIGURE 66 DOMESTIC BIOGAS PLANTS INSTALLED THROUGH

SNV IN EMERGING ASIA, 2008–2010 ... 198

NEPAL ... 199

Policies and Incentives .. 199

VIETNAM ... 199

Policies and Incentives .. 199

BANGLADESH .... 200

Policies and Incentives .. 200

CAMBODIA 200

Policies and Incentives .. 201

LAO PDR .... 201

Policies and Incentives .. 201

PAKISTAN . 202

Policies and Incentives .. 202

INDONESIA .... 202

Policies and Incentives .. 203

OTHER COUNTRIES .... 203

CHAPTER NINE: BIOGAS IN AFRICA 204

BIOGAS IN AFRICA . 204

TABLE 78 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT IN AFRICA, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) ... 205

FIGURE 67 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN AFRICA, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) .. 206

TABLE 79 DOMESTIC BIOGAS PLANTS IN AFRICA BUILT UNDER

THE AFRICA BIOGAS PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM, 2007–2011 . 207

FIGURE 68 DOMESTIC BIOGAS PLANTS IN AFRICA BUILT UNDER

THE AFRICA BIOGAS PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM, 2010–2011

(NUMBER OF FACILITIES) .... 207

ETHIOPIA ... 208

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 208

KENYA ... 208

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 209

RWANDA .... 209

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 210

TANZANIA .. 210

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 210

UGANDA 211

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 211

OTHER COUNTRIES 211

CHAPTER TEN: BIOGAS IN LATIN AMERICA . 212

BIOGAS IN LATIN AMERICA 212

TABLE 80 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 213

FIGURE 69 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA, 2000–2016 ($

MILLIONS) .. 213

ARGENTINA .... 214

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 214

BRAZIL ... 215

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 215

CHILE .... 216

TABLE 81 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN CHILE BY FEED

SOURCE .. 216

FIGURE 70 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN CHILE BY FEED

SOURCE (THOUSANDS M3/YEAR) . 217

POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 217

CHAPTER ELEVEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE . 218

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE .. 218

COMPANY PROFILES .. 219

AAT GMBH & CO. .... 220

ADI SYSTEMS, INC. 220

AGROENERGIEN MEINERS . 221

AMERESCO, INC. .... 221

AREVA RENEWABLES 222

ARROWBIO 222

AXPO KOMPOGAS AG . 223

BEDMINSTER INTERNATIONAL .. 224

BEKON .. 224

BIOGAS ENERGY, INC. .... 225

BIOGAS NORD .... 226

BIOGAS POWER . 226

BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY LTD. .... 227

BIOGEN GREENFINCH .... 227

BIOTHANE 228

BIOVAKKA OY .... 228

BRUECKNER BIOTEC . 229

BTA INTERNATIONAL 229

BURNS & MCDONNELL ... 230

BWSC BURNMEISTER & WAIN 230

CARGILL, INC. .... 230

CCI BIOENERGY, INC. 231

CHEVRON ENERGY SOLUTIONS .. 231

CITEC INTERNATIONAL, LTD. OY .... 232

CLEAR HORIZONS .. 232

DMK INGERIERIA, S.L. .... 232

EA ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY 233

EBARA CORP. 233

ECOCORP, INC. .. 233

ECOLAB 234

EGGERSMANN ... 234

ENBASYS GMBH 235

ENPURE, LTD. .... 235

ENTEC BIOGAS GMBH 236

ENVIRO CONTROL, LTD. . 236

ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY ENGINEERING CO. (E3) . 237

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS & TECHNOLOGY CORP.

(EPT) . 237

ENVITEC BIOGAS ... 238

FARMATIC BIOTECH ENERGY AG .... 238

GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 239

GHD, INC. .. 239

GOODTECH ASA . 240

GUASCOR .. 240

HAASE ENERGIETECHNIC GMBH .... 240

HIRAD, LTD. ... 241

INTREPID TECHNOLOGY AND RESOURCES . 241

KRIEG & FISCHER INGENIEURE GMBH ... 242

KRUGER, INC. 242

MONSAL, LTD. .... 243

MWH ENERGY SOLUTIONS . 243

MWK BIOGASANLAGEN ROSENHEIM GMBH 244

NAHTEC 244

NIRAS .... 245

ORGANIC WASTE SYSTEMS (OWS) ... 245

OVIVO ... 246

PAQUES BV .... 246

PRESECO OY .. 247

PRO-ACT MICROBIAL, INC. .. 248

RCM INTERNATIONAL .... 248

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC. . 249

ROEDIGER BIOENERGIE GMBH ... 249

ROS ROCA ENVIROTEC ... 250

SANSUY 250

SCHMACK BIOGAS AG 251

SCHWARTING BIOSYSTEM GMBH .... 251

SCS ENGINEERS 252

SIEMENS AG .. 253

SINTEX INDUSTRIES, LTD... 253

STRABAG UMWELTANLAGEN GMBH ... 254

SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT 254

TAKUMA CO, LTD. .. 255

UEM GROUP .. 255

UTS BIOGASTECHNIK GMBH .. 256

VALORGA INTERNATIONAL S.A.S. ... 257

WABIO BIOENERGIETECHNIK GMBH .. 257

WASTE ENERGY SOLUTIONS, LLC ... 258

WASTE MANAGEMENT ... 258

WEHRLE WERK AG 258

WELTEC BIOPOWER GMBH 259

ZORG BIOGAS AG .... 259

Zorg Biogas AG (Continued) ... 260

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Renewable energy Industry: Waste-Derived Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment

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Nicolas Bombourg

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