Waste-Derived Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment
NEW YORK, Oct. 19, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:
Waste-Derived Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment
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REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
THIS REPORT CONTAINS:
* An overview of anaerobic digestion equipment in the Asian biogas plant market by plant configuration and by digester type
* Analysis of market trends, with data from 2000, estimates for 2005, 2010 and 2011, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2016
* A breakdown of the Asian market by waste type, including municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, livestock wastes, and landfill leachate, as well as by biogas end use, including municipal power generation, on-site power generation, and motive power
* Discussion of industry structure and competitive analyses of plant suppliers and equipment manufacturers
* Comprehensive company profiles
* A patent survey by application and by company.
REPORT SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Renewable, sustainable energy generation will be the fastest-growing energy sector over the next two decades. From 2010 to 2016, the market is projected to rise from $124 billion in 2010 to $217 billion in 2016. Price volatility, supply concerns, and the environmental aspects of fossil fuels are expected to accelerate the pace of all non-fossil fuel development. At this writing, the price of oil has hit highs of more than $100 per barrel on the world market, while U.S. drivers are paying nearly $4 per gallon of gasoline. Renewable domestic energy supplies are seen as a means of overcoming these problems. Biogas, a clean fuel derived primarily from waste materials, is an important alternative to conventional fossil energy.
This BCC Research report provides an in-depth analysis of the world market for the anaerobic digestion equipment used to transform waste materials into sustainable energy. Although energy crops are utilized widely in Germany and some other countries for biogas production, this study will only cover gas recovered from wastes. The study also examines the equipment needed to collect landfill gas (LFG), biogas formed naturally at landfill sites.
Four waste types are evaluated as feed materials for the waste-to energy process: sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastes (crop residuals and manure), and landfill gas. Three different end uses for the gas are also examined: municipal electricity production, on-site electricity (and heat) production, and transportation fuel.
The biogas industry is better developed in other parts of the world than in North America. In addition to the U.S. and Canada, this report will cover Europe, where the industry is best developed; Asia, where the largest number of plants are operating; Africa, where the anaerobic process is rapidly gaining popularity; and other world regions where biogas recovery is emerging.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
The need to responsibly dispose of mounting volumes of waste and the requirement to procure sustainable, secure energy supplies are two of the most important issues facing governments and industries around the globe. The production of energy from a number of waste streams (i.e., municipal and domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, landfills, livestock manure, and agricultural residues) is a process that addresses both of these challenges.
In the current waste-to-energy market, anaerobic digestion offers the most sustainable conversion process. Because the technology can be tailored to suit waste streams of all volumes, systems may be sized for use in households, commercial enterprises, utilities, and industry.
In this context, it is important to have an overview of the market and the drivers that support adoption of the best strategies by governments responsible for sustainable waste handling and energy supply solutions. It is also important for industry players and technology developers to understand current as well as future trends in order to strategize their investments. BCC has published reports that provide broad overviews of waste-to-energy markets. This is the first to focus exclusively on anaerobic digestion as an enabling technology.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
This study intended to useful to a broad audience. Because they stand to see the greatest profit from expansion of the biogas industry, manufacturers and suppliers of anaerobic digesters and providers of anaerobic digestion technology would likely benefit the most from the data contained in this study. Companies with plant components, ancillary equipment, and related products also might profit from the information collected here.
These include manufacturers and suppliers of biogas condensation and upgrading equipment and technology, biogas distributors, water and power engineering firms, suppliers of power plants and electricity generating equipment, environmental management firms, companies specializing in anaerobic digestion equipment and other water and wastewater treatment equipment, companies developing additives (chemicals, enzymes, etc.) to enhance gas production yields and process efficiencies.
SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT
The scope of this report includes the market for biogas to energy for four different feed sources: municipal and domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, landfill gas, and agricultural wastes, a category that includes animal manures and crop residues. In countries where energy crops are co-digested with manure and other organic farm wastes, they are considered to be part of the market. The biogas market also is broken down by end use: municipal power generation, on-site heat and power production, and transportation applications.
A discussion of the market by world region includes overviews of North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and individual profiles for countries most active in each region. Present market status, biogas production potential, and policies and incentives that support the industry are given for each country. All market valuations and projections cover the years from 2000 to 2016. Market figures are based on the revenues derived from equipment sales and are projected in 2011 constant dollars (i.e., inflation is not computed into the projection figures). The revenue figures are derived from estimated revenues of the key players in a particular year.
A technology overview, presentation on the structure of the industry, and brief profiles for major participating companies also are included.
For the purposes of the report, biogas equipment will be limited to anaerobic digesters and the gas collection equipment needed in landfill gas recovery projects. The machinery used to transform the gas to electricity: reciprocating and other types of gas engines, turbine and microturbines, and fuel cells, are not included in the analysis. Systems for biogas upgrading also are not included in the study.
METHODOLOGY
Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. A comprehensive literature, patent, and Internet search was undertaken and key industry players were queried. Research METHODOLOGY was both quantitative and qualitative. Growth rates were calculated based on existing and proposed equipment sales during the forecast period. Key tables in the report present an overview of average capital costs for digesters of various sizes and for different applications. These figures then were multiplied by anticipated biogas recovery capacity additions during the survey period.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Information in this report was gleaned from many different sources. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, annual reports, patent literature, business, scientific, and industry journals, government reports, census information, conference literature, patent documents, online resources, and industry participants have all been researched.
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
During the past 15 years, Susan Hanft has authored more than 30 market research reports for BCC Research in the fields of membrane technology, water and wastewater treatment, and separations used in food and beverage manufacture, medicine, and biotechnology.
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY .. 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE .... 2
SCOPE AND FORMAT OF REPORT .... 2
METHODOLOGY 3
INFORMATION SOURCES .... 3
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4
RELATED REPORTS .... 4
BCC ONLINE SERVICES .. 4
DISCLAIMER . 4
CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ... 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ... 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 6
SUMMARY TABLE VALUE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOGAS
AND LANDFILL GAS EQUIPMENT FOR WASTE-DERIVED
ENERGY, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) 7
SUMMARY FIGURE VALUE OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOGAS
PLANT EQUIPMENT FOR WASTEWATER- AND BIOSOLIDSDERIVED
ENERGY, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) .. 7
CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW 8
TABLE 1 GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SOURCE,
2010 (BTU QUADRILLION, %) .... 8
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION BY SOURCE,
2010 (BTU QUADRILLION, %) .... 9
BENEFITS .... 10
TABLE 2 GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY EMISSION
TYPE (%) ... 10
FIGURE 2 GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY EMISSION
TYPE (%) ... 11
ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS COMPARED TO OTHER FORMS OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY .. 12
BARRIERS TO LARGE-SCALE BIOGAS PLANT DEPLOYMENT .... 13
BENEFITS OF SMALL-SCALE BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS ... 14
BARRIERS TO SMALL-SCALE BIOGAS INSTALLATIONS ... 14
GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL ... 15
TABLE 3 GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY FEED
SOURCE (TOE/YR) 15
FIGURE 3 GLOBAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY FEED
SOURCE (TOE/YR) 16
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE BIOGAS INDUSTRY .. 16
POLICY .... 16
INCENTIVES .... 17
HISTORY OF BIOGAS 17
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ... 18
TABLE 4 SUITABLE FEEDSTOCKS FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION .. 19
ANAEROBIC MICROORGANISMS ... 19
PROCESS STEPS .. 20
BATCH OR CONTINUOUS METHODS . 21
TEMPERATURE .... 22
PH LEVELS .. 22
SOLIDS CONTENT .... 23
RETENTION TIME .... 23
BIOGAS YIELDS ... 24
STAGES ... 24
ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS .. 25
Anaerobic Lagoon .. 25
Covered Lagoon Digester 25
Plug-Flow Anaerobic Digester .. 26
Anaerobic Contact Digester . 27
Anaerobic Filter 27
UASB Reactor ... 27
Hybrid Reactor .. 28
Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors . 28
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor .... 28
Anaerobic Migrating Blanket Reactor 28
CSTR .. 29
Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor . 29
Internal Circulation Reactor 30
RESIDENCE TIME 30
FEEDSTOCKS .. 30
Feedstocks (Continued) ... 31
END PRODUCTS ... 32
Biogas . 32
TABLE 5 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS (%) 32
FIGURE 4 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS (%) ... 33
Post Treatment 33
• Upgrading . 34
Digestate . 35
Acidogenic Anaerobic Digestate .... 35
Methanogenic Digestate . 35
Water .. 36
FIGURE 5 THE BIOGAS VALUE CHAIN .... 36
FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS AND COSTS ... 36
FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS AND COSTS (CONTINUED) 37
CHAPTER FOUR: MARKET BY FEED SOURCE . 38
AGRICULTURE . 38
INDUSTRIAL WASTES ... 39
MUNICIPAL SEWAGE .... 39
LANDFILLS .. 40
TABLE 6 MARKET BY FEED SOURCE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 41
FIGURE 6 MARKET BY FEED SOURCE, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) 41
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER ... 42
AD TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER.... 42
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER .. 43
TABLE 7 INDUSTRIAL WASTE FEEDSTOCKS FOR ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION: DRY MATTER CONTENT, ORGANIC DRY MATTER
CONTENT, BIOGAS YIELD, AND METHANE CONTENT.. 44
AGRICULTURAL WASTES .. 45
TABLE 8 ANIMAL WASTE FEEDSTOCKS FOR ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION: DRY MATTER CONTENT, ORGANIC DRY MATTER
CONTENT, BIOGAS YIELD, AND METHANE CONTENT.. 45
TABLE 8 (CONTINUED) ... 46
TABLE 9 PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS FOR MANURE-BASED
BIOGAS PLANTS .... 46
TABLE 10 ENGINEERING, EQUIPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION
COSTS FOR MANURE-BASED BIOGAS PLANTS ($) .... 47
LANDFILL GAS. 47
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION IN A LANDFILL.... 47
TABLE 11 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL BIOGAS .... 48
FIGURE 7 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF LANDFILL BIOGAS (%) .. 49
LANDFILL GAS TO ENERGY SYSTEMS ... 50
Passive Collection Systems .. 50
Active Collection Systems .... 51
CHAPTER FIVE: MARKET BY END USE ... 52
MARKET BY END USE ... 52
TABLE 12 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT BY END USE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 53
FIGURE 8 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT BY END USE, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) .. 53
MUNICIPAL POWER GENERATION 53
MUNICIPAL POWER GENERATION (CONTINUED) .. 54
ON-SITE HEAT AND POWER GENERATION . 55
TABLE 13 EFFICIENCY COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY ONLY
PLANTS AND CHP PLANTS (%) ... 56
FIGURE 9 EFFICIENCY COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY ONLY
PLANTS AND CHP PLANTS (%) ... 56
MOTIVE POWER ... 56
BENEFITS OF USING NATURAL GAS AS
TRANSPORTATION FUEL . 57
BENEFITS OF USING BIOMETHANE AS A
TRANSPORTATION FUEL . 58
GLOBAL GROWTH OF NGVS .. 58
TABLE 14 GLOBAL GROWTH OF NGVS, 2000–2010 (MILLION
VEHICLES) .... 58
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL GROWTH OF NGVS, 2000–2010 (MILLION
VEHICLES) .... 59
TABLE 15 MARKET PENETRATION OF TOTAL VEHICLE FLEET IN
COUNTRIES WITH A 1% OR GREATER NGV MARKET SHARE,
2010 (%) 60
FIGURE 11 MARKET PENETRATION OF TOTAL VEHICLE FLEET IN
COUNTRIES WITH A 1% OR GREATER NGV MARKET SHARE,
2010 (%) 61
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES FOR THE USE OF
BIOMETHANE AS A TRANSPORTATION FUEL 61
MARKET BY WORLD REGION 62
MARKET BY WORLD REGION (CONTINUED) ... 63
MARKET BY WORLD REGION (CONTINUED) ... 64
TABLE 16 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT BY WORLD REGION, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) ... 65
FIGURE 12 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT BY WORLD REGION, 2000–2016 ($
MILLIONS) .... 65
CHAPTER SIX: BIOGAS IN NORTH AMERICA ... 66
U.S. . 66
ON-FARM BIOGAS PRODUCTION ... 66
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER-DERIVED BIOGAS .... 67
INDUSTRIAL WASTE-DERIVED BIOGAS . 67
LANDFILL GAS 68
BARRIERS TO THE U.S. BIOGAS MARKET ... 68
CANADA .. 69
MEXICO ... 70
TABLE 17 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 71
FIGURE 13 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN NORTH AMERICA, 2000–2016 ($
MILLIONS) .... 71
INSTALLED U.S. PLANTS BY FEED SOURCE .... 72
TABLE 18 SHARE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BIOGAS MARKET BY
FEED SOURCE, 2011 (NO. OF FACILITIES/%) ... 72
FIGURE 14 SHARE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BIOGAS MARKET
BY FEED SOURCE, 2011 (%) 72
U.S. . 73
TABLE 19 ELECTRICITY NET GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE
ENERGY BY ENERGY USE SECTOR AND ENERGY SOURCE, 2004–
2009 (THOUSAND KWH) . 73
TABLE 19 (CONTINUED) . 74
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES . 75
Existing Legislation .... 75
Failed Legislation .. 76
TABLE 20 PROPOSED U.S. LEGISLATION THAT DID NOT PASS 76
TABLE 20 (CONTINUED) . 77
WASTEWATER DIGESTION IN THE U.S. . 77
Study on Sewage Gas to Power Federal Buildings 78
FIGURE 15 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS NEAR FEDERAL
FACILITIES ... 78
ON-FARM DIGESTION IN THE U.S. 79
TABLE 21 U.S. FARMS REPORTING METHANE DIGESTERS,
NUMBER OF DIGESTERS, METHANE PRODUCED,
INSTALLATION COST, PERCENT FUNDED BY OUTSIDE
SOURCES, AND YEAR OF INSTALLATION, 2009 .... 79
TABLE 21 (CONTINUED) . 80
TABLE 22 U.S. ON-FARM DIGESTERS BY STATE, 2010 (NO.) .. 80
TABLE 22 (CONTINUED) . 81
FIGURE 16 U.S. ON-FARM DIGESTERS BY STATE, 2010 (NO.) 82
TABLE 23 ON-FARM BIOGAS DIGESTERS IN THE U.S., 1981-2010
(NO.) 82
FIGURE 17 ON-FARM BIOGAS DIGESTERS IN THE U.S. (NO.) .... 83
TABLE 24 U.S. ON-FARM DIGESTERS BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2010 (NO.) ... 83
TABLE 24 (CONTINUED) . 84
FIGURE 18 U.S. ON-FARM DIGESTERS BY SYSTEM TYPE, 2010 . 84
FIGURE 19 ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION POTENTIAL FROM
U.S. DIARY FARMS, BY STATE 85
FIGURE 20 ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION POTENTIAL FROM
U.S. HOG FARMS, BY STATE ... 86
Incentives for On-farm Digester Projects 87
FIGURE 21 RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS, MAY 2010 .. 88
Incentives in California .. 88
TABLE 25 SELF-GENERATION INCENTIVES IN CALIFORNIA .... 89
Incentives in Vermont .... 89
Incentives in Other States ... 90
LANDFILL GAS-TO-ENERGY IN THE U.S. .... 90
Electricity Generation 90
Direct Use .... 91
Cogeneration 91
TABLE 26 INSTALLED LFG AND BIOGAS CHP GENERATION
CAPACITY IN THE U.S., 1970–2010 (MW) .. 91
FIGURE 22 INSTALLED LFG AND BIOGAS CHP GENERATION
CAPACITY IN THE U.S., 1970–2010 (MW) .. 92
TABLE 27 INSTALLED LFG AND BIOGAS CHP GENERATION
CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY FEED SOURCE, 2010 (MW/%) ... 92
FIGURE 23 INSTALLED LFG AND BIOGAS CHP GENERATION
CAPACITY IN THE U.S. BY FEED SOURCE, 2010 (%) .. 93
Alternative Fuels ... 93
TABLE 28 U.S. NATURAL GAS VEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTION,
2000–2010 (FT3, MILLION) .... 94
FIGURE 24 U.S. NATURAL GAS VEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTION,
2000–2010 (FT3, MILLION) .... 95
FIGURE 25 U.S. NATURAL GAS PIPELINE NETWORK, 2009 ... 96
U.S. LANDFILL GAS PROJECTS BY STATE .. 96
TABLE 29 U.S. LANDFILL GAS PROJECTS AND CANDIDATE
PROJECTS, DECEMBER 15, 2010 (NO.) 97
TABLE 29 (CONTINUED) . 98
Landfill Methane Outreach Program . 98
FIGURE 26 U.S. LANDFILL GAS PROJECTS AND CANDIDATE
PROJECTS, 2010 (NO.) .... 99
Incentives for Landfill Gas-to-Energy Projects . 99
Renewable Portfolio Standards ... 100
FIGURE 27 STATES WITH RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS
AND STATES WITH RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO GOALS, JUNE 2010 .... 101
Net Metering .. 101
CANADA 102
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 102
TABLE 30 FEED-IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS IN ONTARIO ($/KWH) . 103
MEXICO . 104
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 104
Policies and Incentives (Continued) . 105
CHAPTER SEVEN: BIOGAS IN EUROPE . 106
BIOGAS IN EUROPE 106
GERMANY .. 107
U.K. .... 107
ITALY 108
FRANCE . 108
SPAIN 109
BENELUX ... 109
SCANDINAVIA 110
OTHER COUNTRIES 111
TABLE 31 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT IN EUROPE, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 111
FIGURE 28 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN EUROPE, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) 112
TABLE 32 SHARE OF THE EUROPEAN BIOGAS MARKET BY FEED
SOURCE, 2010 (NO. OF FACILITIES/%) ... 113
FIGURE 29 SHARE OF THE EUROPEAN BIOGAS MARKET BY FEED
SOURCE, 2010 (%) 113
EU-WIDE POLICIES THAT SUPPORT BIOGAS 113
TABLE 33 EU AND NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS
FOR 2020, AS OF 2010 (%) .. 114
FIGURE 30 EU AND NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS
FOR 2020, AS OF 2010 (%) .. 115
EU POTENTIAL FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION .. 116
TABLE 34 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY TOP 15 BIOGAS
PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN THE EU BY 2020 (KTOE) . 117
FIGURE 31 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL BY TOP 15 BIOGAS
PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN THE EU BY 2020 (KTOE) . 118
TABLE 35 EXISTING AND FORECAST BIOGAS ELECTRICITY
GENERATING CAPACITY IN THE EU, 2010-2020 (NO. OF PLANTS,
MW) 119
TABLE 36 ANNUAL SLUDGE PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2010 (KG
DRY SOLIDS PER CAPITA) 119
FIGURE 32 ANNUAL SLUDGE PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2010
(KG DRY SOLIDS PER CAPITA) .. 120
PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE EU .... 121
TABLE 37 CRUDE BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE EU BY COUNTRY,
2000 AND 2001 (KTOE) ... 121
TABLE 37 (CONTINUED) .... 122
FIGURE 33 CRUDE BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE EU BY
COUNTRY, 2000 AND 2001 (KTOE) .. 122
TABLE 38 PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE EU,
2006 AND 2007 (KTOE) ... 123
FIGURE 34 PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE
EU, 2006 AND 2007 (KTOE) 124
TABLE 39 GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS IN
THE EU, 2006 AND 2007 (KTOE) . 125
FIGURE 35 GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS IN
THE EU, 2006 AND 2007 (KTOE) . 126
TABLE 40 PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE EU,
2008 AND 2009 (KTOE) ... 127
FIGURE 36 PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS IN THE
EU, 2008 AND 2009 (KTOE) 128
TABLE 41 GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS IN
THE EU, 2008 AND 2009 (KTOE) . 129
FIGURE 37 GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM BIOGAS IN
THE EU, 2008 AND 2009 (KTOE) . 130
TABLE 42 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PER INHABITANT BY COUNTRY,
2007 AND 2009 (TOE/1,000 INHABITANTS).. 131
FIGURE 38 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PER INHABITANT BY COUNTRY,
2007 AND 2009 (TOE/1,000 INHABITANTS).. 132
COUNTRY PROFILES ... 132
AUSTRIA .... 132
Policies and Incentives .. 133
TABLE 43 AUSTRIAN FITS FOR ELECTRICITY FROM BIOGAS
($/KWH) .. 133
BELGIUM ... 134
Policies and Incentives .. 134
CYPRUS 135
Policies and Incentives .. 135
CZECH REPUBLIC .. 135
Policies and Incentives .. 136
DENMARK . 136
TABLE 44 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN DENMARK BY FEED
SOURCE, 2010 (NO.) .. 137
FIGURE 39 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN DENMARK BY FEED
SOURCE, 2010 (NO.) .. 137
Policy and Incentives 138
TABLE 45 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN DENMARK BY FEED
MATERIAL TYPE, 2000-2010 (PJ/YR) . 138
FIGURE 40 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN DENMARK BY FEED
MATERIAL TYPE, 2000-2010 (PJ/YR ) 139
ESTONIA .... 140
Policies and Incentives .. 140
FINLAND ... 140
TABLE 46 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN FINLAND BY FEED
SOURCE, 2010 (NO./%) . 141
FIGURE 41 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN FINLAND BY FEED
SOURCE, 2010 (%) 141
TABLE 47 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN FINLAND BY 2015
(TWH) . 142
FIGURE 42 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN FINLAND BY
2015 (TWH) .. 143
Policies and Incentives .. 143
FRANCE 143
TABLE 48 BIOGAS PLANTS IN FRANCE BY FEED SOURCE, 2010
(NO.) ... 144
FIGURE 43 BIOGAS PLANTS IN FRANCE BY FEED SOURCE, 2010
(NO.) ... 144
Policies and Incentives .. 145
TABLE 49 PROPOSED FEED-IN TARIFFS IN FRANCE ($/KWH) 145
GERMANY . 146
TABLE 50 GERMAN BIOGAS PLANTS BY WASTE TYPE, 2010 (NO.) .... 146
FIGURE 44 GERMAN BIOGAS PLANTS BY WASTE TYPE, 2010 (NO.) .. 147
TABLE 51 BIOGAS PLANTS IN GERMANY, 1992–2010 (NO., MW) .... 148
FIGURE 45 BIOGAS PLANTS IN GERMANY, 1992–2010 (NO.) 148
Policies and Incentives .. 148
TABLE 52 GERMAN FEED IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS ENERGY
($/KWH) .. 149
Challenges .. 149
Ongoing R&D .. 150
GREECE 150
Policies and Incentives .. 151
HUNGARY . 151
TABLE 53 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN HUNGARY BY
FEED SOURCE (TWH, %) .. 152
FIGURE 46 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN HUNGARY BY
FEED SOURCE (%) .... 152
Policies and Incentives .. 152
IRELAND ... 153
TABLE 54 BIOGAS PLANTS IN IRELAND BY TYPE, 2010 (NO./%) .. 153
FIGURE 47 BIOGAS PLANTS IN IRELAND BY TYPE, 2010 (%) .... 154
TABLE 55 BIOGAS AND METHANE POTENTIAL FROM FARM
SLURRIES AND SLAUGHTER WASTES IN IRELAND, 2010 AND
2020 .... 154
FIGURE 48 BIOGAS AND METHANE POTENTIAL FROM FARM
SLURRIES AND SLAUGHTER WASTES IN IRELAND, 2020 (MMN3) 155
Policies and Incentives .. 155
TABLE 56 FEED-IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS SUPPORT IRELAND
($/KWH) .. 155
ITALY .... 156
TABLE 57 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN ITALY BY FEED SOURCE, 2010
(%) .. 157
FIGURE 49 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN ITALY BY FEED SOURCE,
2010 (%) ... 157
TABLE 58 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN ITALY BY FEED
SOURCE (MILLION MT/YR, %) .. 158
FIGURE 50 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN ITALY BY FEED
SOURCE (%) 158
Policies and Incentives .. 159
TABLE 59 ITALIAN FEED-IN TARIFFS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
($/KWH) .. 159
LATVIA .. 159
TABLE 60 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN LATVIA BY FEED
SOURCE (MILLION M3/YR, %) .... 160
FIGURE 51 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN LATVIA BY FEED
SOURCE (%) 161
Policies and Incentives .. 161
LITHUANIA .... 161
Policies and Incentives .. 162
LUXEMBOURG ... 162
Policies and Incentives .. 162
THE NETHERLANDS ... 163
Policies and Incentives .. 163
TABLE 61 DUTCH PRICE SUPPORTS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION ($) .... 164
NORWAY .... 164
TABLE 62 END USE OF BIOGAS IN NORWAY, 2010 (%) 165
FIGURE 52 END USE OF BIOGAS IN NORWAY, 2010 (%) ... 165
TABLE 63 POTENTIAL ENERGY PRODUCTION IN NORWAY BY
WASTE RESOURCES AND BY-PRODUCTS (%) . 166
FIGURE 53 POTENTIAL ENERGY PRODUCTION IN NORWAY BY
WASTE RESOURCES AND BY-PRODUCTS (%) . 166
Policies and Incentives .. 167
POLAND 167
TABLE 64 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN POLAND BY FEED
SOURCE AND END USE, 2010 (NO., MW) . 168
FIGURE 54 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN POLAND BY FEED
SOURCE AND END USE, 2010 (NO.) ... 168
Policies and Incentives .. 169
PORTUGAL 169
Policies and Incentives .. 169
ROMANIA .. 170
Policies and Incentives .. 170
SLOVAKIA . 170
Policies and Incentives .. 171
SLOVENIA . 171
TABLE 65 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SLOVENIA BY FEED SOURCE,
2009 (NO., %) .... 171
FIGURE 55 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SLOVENIA BY FEED SOURCE,
2009 (%) ... 172
Policies and Incentives .. 172
SPAIN .... 173
TABLE 66 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN SPAIN BY FEED
SOURCE .. 173
FIGURE 56 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN SPAIN BY FEED
SOURCE (M3/YEAR) . 174
Policies and Incentives .. 174
SWEDEN .... 175
TABLE 67 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SWEDEN BY FEED SOURCE,
2010 (NO./%) .... 175
FIGURE 57 BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN SWEDEN BY FEED SOURCE,
2010 (%) ... 176
TABLE 68 END USES FOR BIOGAS IN SWEDEN, 2010 (%) 176
FIGURE 58 END USES FOR BIOGAS IN SWEDEN, 2010 (%) ... 177
TABLE 69 NATURAL GAS/BIOGAS FILLING STATIONS IN SWEDEN,
1995–2010 (NO.) 178
FIGURE 59 NATURAL GAS/BIOGAS FILLING STATIONS IN
SWEDEN, 1995–2010 (NO.) . 178
TABLE 70 AMOUNTS OF VEHICLE GAS SOLD, 1995–2009 (1,000 M3) .. 179
FIGURE 60 AMOUNTS OF VEHICLE GAS SOLD, 1995–2009 (1,000 M3) 179
Policies and Incentives .. 180
SWITZERLAND ... 180
Policies and Incentives .. 181
U.K. ... 181
TABLE 71 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN THE U.K. BY FEED
SOURCE, 2009 (NO.) .. 181
FIGURE 61 BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANTS IN THE U.K. BY FEED
SOURCE, 2009 (NO.) .. 182
TABLE 72 BIOGAS CAPACITY IN THE U.K., OPERATIONAL, INBUILD,
AND IN PLANNING STAGES, 2010 (MT) ... 182
FIGURE 62 BIOGAS CAPACITY IN THE U.K., OPERATIONAL, UNDER
CONSTRUCTION, AND IN PLANNING STAGES, 2010 (MT) 183
TABLE 73 TOTAL METHANE PRODUCTION FROM AD IN THE U.K.,
2010 .... 183
FIGURE 63 TOTAL METHANE PRODUCTION FROM AD IN THE U.K.
BY FEED SOURCE, 2010 (TOE) ... 184
TABLE 74 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN THE U.K. (MT/YR,
%) ... 184
TABLE 74 (CONTINUED) .... 185
FIGURE 64 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN THE U.K. BY
FEED SOURCE (DRY MT/YR) 185
Policies and Incentives .. 185
TABLE 75 ENERGY PRODUCED UNDER ROCS IN THE U.K., 2005-
2009 (GWH) .. 186
THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES .. 187
Biogas Production Potential in Russia .. 187
Biogas Production Potential … (Continued) ... 188
CHAPTER EIGHT: BIOGAS IN ASIA ... 189
CHINA .... 189
CHINA (CONTINUED).. 190
INDIA 191
JAPAN .... 192
OTHER COUNTRIES 193
TABLE 76 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT IN ASIA, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) ... 193
FIGURE 65 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN ASIA, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) .. 194
CHINA .... 194
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 194
INDIA 195
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 196
JAPAN .... 196
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 197
EMERGING ASIA 197
TABLE 77 DOMESTIC BIOGAS PLANTS INSTALLED THROUGH SNV
IN EMERGING ASIA, 2008–2010 (NO.) . 198
FIGURE 66 DOMESTIC BIOGAS PLANTS INSTALLED THROUGH
SNV IN EMERGING ASIA, 2008–2010 ... 198
NEPAL ... 199
Policies and Incentives .. 199
VIETNAM ... 199
Policies and Incentives .. 199
BANGLADESH .... 200
Policies and Incentives .. 200
CAMBODIA 200
Policies and Incentives .. 201
LAO PDR .... 201
Policies and Incentives .. 201
PAKISTAN . 202
Policies and Incentives .. 202
INDONESIA .... 202
Policies and Incentives .. 203
OTHER COUNTRIES .... 203
CHAPTER NINE: BIOGAS IN AFRICA 204
BIOGAS IN AFRICA . 204
TABLE 78 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT IN AFRICA, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) ... 205
FIGURE 67 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN AFRICA, 2000–2016 ($ MILLIONS) .. 206
TABLE 79 DOMESTIC BIOGAS PLANTS IN AFRICA BUILT UNDER
THE AFRICA BIOGAS PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM, 2007–2011 . 207
FIGURE 68 DOMESTIC BIOGAS PLANTS IN AFRICA BUILT UNDER
THE AFRICA BIOGAS PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM, 2010–2011
(NUMBER OF FACILITIES) .... 207
ETHIOPIA ... 208
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 208
KENYA ... 208
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 209
RWANDA .... 209
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 210
TANZANIA .. 210
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 210
UGANDA 211
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 211
OTHER COUNTRIES 211
CHAPTER TEN: BIOGAS IN LATIN AMERICA . 212
BIOGAS IN LATIN AMERICA 212
TABLE 80 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS) . 213
FIGURE 69 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA, 2000–2016 ($
MILLIONS) .. 213
ARGENTINA .... 214
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 214
BRAZIL ... 215
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 215
CHILE .... 216
TABLE 81 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN CHILE BY FEED
SOURCE .. 216
FIGURE 70 BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL IN CHILE BY FEED
SOURCE (THOUSANDS M3/YEAR) . 217
POLICIES AND INCENTIVES .... 217
CHAPTER ELEVEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE . 218
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE .. 218
COMPANY PROFILES .. 219
AAT GMBH & CO. .... 220
ADI SYSTEMS, INC. 220
AGROENERGIEN MEINERS . 221
AMERESCO, INC. .... 221
AREVA RENEWABLES 222
ARROWBIO 222
AXPO KOMPOGAS AG . 223
BEDMINSTER INTERNATIONAL .. 224
BEKON .. 224
BIOGAS ENERGY, INC. .... 225
BIOGAS NORD .... 226
BIOGAS POWER . 226
BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY LTD. .... 227
BIOGEN GREENFINCH .... 227
BIOTHANE 228
BIOVAKKA OY .... 228
BRUECKNER BIOTEC . 229
BTA INTERNATIONAL 229
BURNS & MCDONNELL ... 230
BWSC BURNMEISTER & WAIN 230
CARGILL, INC. .... 230
CCI BIOENERGY, INC. 231
CHEVRON ENERGY SOLUTIONS .. 231
CITEC INTERNATIONAL, LTD. OY .... 232
CLEAR HORIZONS .. 232
DMK INGERIERIA, S.L. .... 232
EA ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY 233
EBARA CORP. 233
ECOCORP, INC. .. 233
ECOLAB 234
EGGERSMANN ... 234
ENBASYS GMBH 235
ENPURE, LTD. .... 235
ENTEC BIOGAS GMBH 236
ENVIRO CONTROL, LTD. . 236
ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY ENGINEERING CO. (E3) . 237
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTS & TECHNOLOGY CORP.
(EPT) . 237
ENVITEC BIOGAS ... 238
FARMATIC BIOTECH ENERGY AG .... 238
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 239
GHD, INC. .. 239
GOODTECH ASA . 240
GUASCOR .. 240
HAASE ENERGIETECHNIC GMBH .... 240
HIRAD, LTD. ... 241
INTREPID TECHNOLOGY AND RESOURCES . 241
KRIEG & FISCHER INGENIEURE GMBH ... 242
KRUGER, INC. 242
MONSAL, LTD. .... 243
MWH ENERGY SOLUTIONS . 243
MWK BIOGASANLAGEN ROSENHEIM GMBH 244
NAHTEC 244
NIRAS .... 245
ORGANIC WASTE SYSTEMS (OWS) ... 245
OVIVO ... 246
PAQUES BV .... 246
PRESECO OY .. 247
PRO-ACT MICROBIAL, INC. .. 248
RCM INTERNATIONAL .... 248
REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC. . 249
ROEDIGER BIOENERGIE GMBH ... 249
ROS ROCA ENVIROTEC ... 250
SANSUY 250
SCHMACK BIOGAS AG 251
SCHWARTING BIOSYSTEM GMBH .... 251
SCS ENGINEERS 252
SIEMENS AG .. 253
SINTEX INDUSTRIES, LTD... 253
STRABAG UMWELTANLAGEN GMBH ... 254
SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT 254
TAKUMA CO, LTD. .. 255
UEM GROUP .. 255
UTS BIOGASTECHNIK GMBH .. 256
VALORGA INTERNATIONAL S.A.S. ... 257
WABIO BIOENERGIETECHNIK GMBH .. 257
WASTE ENERGY SOLUTIONS, LLC ... 258
WASTE MANAGEMENT ... 258
WEHRLE WERK AG 258
WELTEC BIOPOWER GMBH 259
ZORG BIOGAS AG .... 259
Zorg Biogas AG (Continued) ... 260
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Renewable energy Industry: Waste-Derived Biogas: Global Markets for Anaerobic Digestion Equipment
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Nicolas Bombourg
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