The HetNet Bible (Small Cells and Carrier WiFi) - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies and Forecasts: 2013 - 2020 - With an Evaluation of DAS & Cloud RAN

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Aug 22, 2013, 01:30 ET

NEW YORK, Aug. 22, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

The HetNet Bible (Small Cells and Carrier WiFi) - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies and Forecasts: 2013 – 2020 – With an Evaluation of DAS & Cloud RAN
http://www.reportlinker.com/p01600297/The-HetNet-Bible-Small-Cells-and-Carrier-WiFi---Opportunities-Challenges-Strategies-and-Forecasts-2013-–-2020-–-With-an-Evaluation-of-DAS--Cloud-RAN.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Wireless_Technology

Driven by in-building wireless coverage requirements and the growing influx of mobile broadband data traffic, a traditional macrocell based cellular network deployment is not deemed to be a sufficient solution to address the coverage and capacity needs of today's wireless subscribers.

Wireless carriers are thus exploring options to offload additional coverage and capacity to alternatives such as strategically deployed small cells and WiFi access points, which have so far been deployed by more than 150 global wireless carriers. Adding further to the heterogeneity are alternative deployment models such as Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) and the emerging Cloud Radio Access Networks (RAN) architecture which concentrates the processing of the RAN segment of a mobile network in one or more centralized data centers.

Driven by the thriving ecosystem, we expect small cells and carrier WiFi deployments to account for nearly $352 Billion in mobile data service revenues by the end of 2020, while overall spending on HetNet infrastructure is expected to reach $42 Billion annually during the same period.

This report presents an in-depth assessment of the global small cells and carrier WiFi market, together with an evaluation of the DAS and Cloud RAN technology. In addition to covering the technology, business case, the challenges, standardization initiatives, the industry's roadmap, value chain analysis, deployment case studies, vendor service/product strategies and strategic recommendations, the report also presents comprehensive forecasts for the market from 2013 till 2020, including individual revenue and shipment projections of small cells, carrier WiFi, small cell backhaul, Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS), DAS, Cloud RAN, Self-Organizing Network (SON) and mobile data services across six geographical regions.

Also provided are historical figures for 2010, 2011 and 2012. The report comes with an associated XLS datasheet covering quantitative data from all figures presented within the report.Topics Covered

report covers the following topics:

• Small cell, carrier WiFi, DAS, Cloud RAN, Mobile Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) & HetNet technology and architecture
• Integration and offloading technology for carrier WiFi and small cells
• Market drivers and key benefits of small cells and carrier WiFi
• Challenges and Inhibitors to the small cells and carrier WiFi ecosystem
• Small cell and carrier WiFi industry roadmap: 2010 – 2020
• Small cell and carrier WiFi value chain
• Vendor landscape and acquisitions
• Small cell and carrier WiFi deployment models
• Vertical markets for small cell and carrier WiFi deployments
• Small cell backhaul technology, requirements and key issues
• Standardization and regulatory initiatives
• Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS)
• Small cells, SCaaS and carrier WiFi deployment case studies
• Industry, wireless carrier and vendor commitments to small cells and carrier WiFi
• Self-Organizing Network (SON) technology
• Profiles and market positioning assessment (current strategy, target market and products/services) for the following players in the HetNet market: 'Pure-Play' and specialist small cell vendors, DAS & repeater solution providers, carrier WiFi focused vendors, Cloud RAN solution providers, HetNet focused SON solution providers, Wireless network (Macrocell, Core) infrastructure vendors, chipset, software & component vendors, technology providers, WiFi network providers and small cell backhaul solution providers.
• Conclusion and strategic recommendations for HetNet solution vendors, wireless carriers and macrocell infrastructure vendors.
• Market analysis and forecasts for the industry's revenue, including the following submarkets:
- Small Cells
- Carrier WiFi
- Small Cell Backhaul
- Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS)
- Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)
- Cloud RAN
- Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solutions
- Mobile Network Data Service
- Small cell forecasts (unit shipments, revenue, installed base) are categorized in the following categories:
- RAN Technology
- GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA
- CDMA-2000/EV-DO
- LTE FDD
- TD-LTE
- WiMAX
- Deployment Model
- Home/Residential
- Enterprise
- Metro
- Rural
- Cell Size
- Femtocells
- Picocells
- Microcells
- Carrier WiFi forecasts (unit shipments, revenue, installed base) are categorized in the following categories:
- Equipment Category
- Access Points
- Access Point Controllers
- Integration Approach
- Managed WiFi Offload
- Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi
- Small cell backhaul forecasts (revenue) are categorized in the following technology categories:
- Ethernet over Copper
- Ethernet over Fiber
- DSL modems and DSLAMs
- Non Line of Sight (NLOS) Microwave (Sub-6GHz spectrum)
- Point to Point (PTP) Microwave (6-60GHz)
- Point to Multipoint (PTMP) Microwave (6-60GHz)
- Millimeter Wave (Unlicensed 60GHz spectrum)
- Millimeter Wave (Licensed 60GHz spectrum)
- Satellite
- Mobile network data service forecasts (throughput and revenue) are categorized in the following access network technology categories:
- Macrocell Network
- Small Cells
- Carrier WiFi
- DAS

Regional forecasts are categorized in the following 6 categories

- North America
- Asia Pacific
- Western Europe
- Eastern Europe
- Middle East & Africa
- Latin & Central America

Key Questions Answered

The report answers to the following key questions.
• What are the key market drivers and challenges in the small cells and carrier WiFi market and the wider HetNets ecosystem?
• How big is the HetNet ecosystem, and how much revenue will it generate in 2020?
• What will be the installed base of small cells and carrier WiFi access points in 2020?
• Which geographical regions offer the greatest growth potential for HetNet deployments?
• What is the service revenue for mobile data services delivered over small cells and carrier WiFi, and how will this vary overtime?
• How are investments on DAS technology impacting the small cells and carrier WiFi market?
• What is the Cloud RAN concept, and how does it affect the small cells and carrier WiFi market?
• Which technology will be predominant in the small cell backhaul ecosystem and is there a market for satellite based small cell backhaul?
• Is there a market for rural small cell deployments?
• How big is the opportunity for Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS)?
• How is the HetNet value chain structured and how will it evolve overtime?
• What opportunities does the HetNet ecosystem offer to infrastructure vendors and other players involved in the value chain?
• What strategies should infrastructure vendors and wireless carriers adopt to capitalize on the HetNet opportunity?

Key Findings

The report has the following key findings.
• Small cells, carrier WiFi, DAS and Cloud RAN infrastructure investments will account for a $42 Billion HetNet ecosystem by 2020.
• Small cells and carrier WiFi deployments are expected to carry more than 60% of all mobile network data traffic by 2020, which will account for $352 Billion in mobile data service revenue.
• At present, the small cells and carrier WiFi infrastructure value chain is highly fragmented with 'pure-play' vendors and incumbent macrocell vendors battling to gain a higher share of the market.
• SNS Research expects the value chain to consolidate over the coming years following several future acquisitions such as the recent acquisition of Ubiquisys by Cisco.
• Eyeing the momentum behind small cell deployments, several DAS vendors (such as BTI Wireless) are now entering the small cells market.
• While it is a preferred opinion among wireless carriers, aggregating outdoor small cell backhaul with macrocell infrastructure may prove to be a well challenging task. Consequently the demand for small cell backhauling has opened a new opportunity for investment, which will be a market worth nearly $6 Billion by 2020.

List of Figures 22
1 Chapter 1: Introduction 28
1.1 Executive Summary 28
1.2 Topics Covered 30
1.3 Key Questions Answered 34
1.4 Key Findings 35
1.5 Methodology 36
1.6 Target Audience 37
1.7 Companies Mentioned 38
2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Small Cells & Carrier WiFi 57
2.1 An Evolving Heterogeneous Networking Ecosystem 57
2.1.1 The Growing Demand for Mobile Broadband 57
2.1.2 Is LTE the Answer to all Capacity Problems? 57
2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology 59
2.2 Small Cells 60
2.2.1 What Are Small Cells? 60
2.2.2 Why Deploy Small Cells? 60
2.2.3 Small Cell Categories 62
2.2.3.1 Femtocells - Home (e)NodeBs 63
2.2.3.2 Picocells 63
2.2.3.3 Microcells 64
2.2.3.4 Metrocell: An Emerging Deployment Model 64
2.2.3.5 Will Metrocell Deployments Encompass Carrier Deployed Femtocells? 64
2.3 Carrier WiFi 65
2.3.1 Carrier WiFi Integration Approaches 66
2.3.2 Unmanaged 'Open Access' 66
2.3.3 Managed Offload 66
2.3.3.1 SIM-based Authentication and Mobile Data Offload 66
2.3.3.2 Fully Integrated WiFi Access 66
2.4 The Business Case: What is Driving the Small Cells and Carrier WiFi Market? 67
2.4.1 Mobile Data Traffic: The Tsunami of 335 Exabytes 67
2.4.2 Endorsement from the Carrier Community 69
2.4.3 In-Building Coverage and Capacity 69
2.4.4 Enterprise Demand: BYOD is Fuelling Growth 69
2.4.5 Capacity Offload in Congested Localities 69
2.4.6 CapEx Savings 69
2.4.7 Non-Expandability of Macrocell Network 70
2.5 Challenges & Inhibitors to the Small Cells & Carrier WiFi Ecosystem 71
2.5.1 Security Concerns 71
2.5.2 Competition from Distributed Antenna System (DAS) & Alternative Solutions 71
2.5.3 Interference with Macrocell Infrastructure & Spectrum Constraints 72
2.5.4 Backhaul Requirements and Complexity 72
2.5.5 Commercial Immaturity 72
2.5.6 Economic Constraints 72
2.5.7 Device Side, Client and Operating System (OS) Issues 73
2.5.8 Deployment Challenges 73
2.5.9 Integrating Segregated WiFi Infrastructure into Mobile Networks 73
2.5.10 Impact of Macrocell LTE Rollouts: Negative or Positive? 73
2.6 Alternative Options for Offloading Mobile Network Coverage and Capacity 74
2.6.1 Macrocell Network and Spectrum Expansion 74
2.6.2 Cloud Radio Access Networks (Cloud RAN) 74
2.6.3 DAS 76
2.6.3.1 Passive DAS 76
2.6.3.2 Hybrid DAS 76
2.6.3.3 Active DAS 77
2.6.4 Caching & Mobile CDNs 77
3 Chapter 3: Integration & Offloading Technology 78
3.1 Integrating Small Cells into the Mobile Network 78
3.1.1 Integration into 3G Networks 78
3.1.1.1 Iuh based Integration: Residential/Enterprise Femtocells 78
3.1.1.2 Iub: Picocells, Microcells and Now Even Femtocells 80
3.1.2 S1: Integration into LTE Networks 81
3.1.2.1 eNB Small Cell Architecture 81
3.1.2.2 HeNB Small Cell Architecture 82
3.2 WiFi: The Evolution from an Ethernet Extension to Wireless Carrier Integration 83
3.3 Enabling Technologies for WiFi and Cellular RAN Interoperability 83
3.3.1 Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) 83
3.3.1.1 Enabling Seamless Mobility 84
3.3.1.2 Commercial Availability of ANDSF Solutions 84
3.3.2 Hotspot 2.0 84
3.3.2.1 Discovery - 802.11u 84
3.3.2.2 Encryption - 802.11i (WPA2) 85
3.3.2.3 Authentication – 802.1x (EAP) 85
3.3.2.4 Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) 1.2 85
3.3.2.5 Passpoint™ WiFi Certification 85
3.3.3 NextGen Hotspot (NGH) Program 86
3.3.3.1 Working alongside Hotspot 2.0 86
3.3.3.2 Enabling Seamless Mobile Network Connectivity 86
3.3.4 Interworking Wireless LAN (I-WLAN) 87
3.3.5 Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming (WISPr) 87
3.3.6 Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol 87
3.3.7 WiFi Direct™ 88
3.4 Small Cell and Mobile Core Offloading Technologies 89
3.4.1 Local IP Access (LIPA) 89
3.4.1.1 Is LIPA Specifically for Small Cells? 89
3.4.1.2 Use Case Example: Local Network Multimedia Access 89
3.4.2 Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO) 90
3.4.2.1 Use Case Example: Core Network Offload 90
3.4.2.2 The Downside: Is SIPTO Suitable for All Traffic Profiles? 90
3.4.3 IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload (IFOM) 91
3.4.3.1 Enabling Seamless Integration between WiFi and 3GPP RANs 91
3.5 WiFi and Cellular RAN Integration: Commercial Implementations to Address the HetNet Challenge 92
3.5.1 WiFi Integration into Macrocell and Small Cell Basestation Nodes 92
3.5.2 Policy Driven Control for Small Cell & WiFi 92
3.5.2.1 InterDigital and ip.access Demonstration: Dynamic Switching between WiFi and LTE 92
3.5.3 Commercial Case Study: NGH SIM-based WiFi Access 93
4 Chapter 4: Industry Roadmap and Value Chain 94
4.1 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Industry Roadmap: 2010 - 2020 94
4.1.1 2010 – 2012: Initial Rollouts: In-building Voice Converge & Nomadic Data Access 94
4.1.2 2013 – 2015: The 4G Expansion Era – A Shift from In-building Voice to Data Optimization 95
4.1.3 2016 – 2020: The HetNet Era - Continued Proliferation of HetNets 95
4.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Value Chain 97
4.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem 98
4.3.1 Chipset Developers 98
4.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers 98
4.4 HetNet RAN Ecosystem 99
4.4.1 'Pure-Play' and Specialist Small Cell OEMs 99
4.4.2 WiFi Access Point OEMs 99
4.4.3 Macrocell RAN OEMs 99
4.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers 99
4.4.5 Cloud RAN Solution Providers 100
4.4.6 Other Technology & Network Component Providers/Enablers 100
4.5 Mobile Backhaul Ecosystem 101
4.5.1 Backhaul Solution Providers 101
4.6 Core Network Ecosystem 101
4.6.1 Core Network Infrastructure Providers 101
4.7 Connectivity Ecosystem 102
4.7.1 2G, 3G & 4G Wireless Carriers 102
4.7.2 WiFi Connectivity Providers 102
4.7.3 Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS) Providers 102
4.8 SON Ecosystem 102
4.8.1 SON Solution Providers 102
4.9 Vendor Landscape: Consolidation & Acquisitions Lead the Way 103
4.9.1 Broadcom Acquires Percello – Q4'2010 103
4.9.2 Radisys Acquires Continuous Computing – Q4'2010 103
4.9.3 Alvarion Acquires Wavion – Q4'2011 103
4.9.4 Mindspeed Technologies Acquires picoChip – Q1'2012 103
4.9.5 Ericsson Acquires BelAir Networks – Q2'2012 104
4.9.6 Crown Castle Acquires NextG Networks – Q2'2012 104
4.9.7 Qualcomm Acquires DesignArt Networks – Q3'2012 104
4.9.8 Oracle Acquires Acme Packet – Q1'2013 104
4.9.9 Oracle Acquires Tekelec – Q1'2013 105
4.9.10 Cisco Acquires Ubiquisys – Q2'2013 105
5 Chapter 5: Small Cells & Carrier WiFi Deployment Models 106
5.1 Small Cell Deployment Models 106
5.1.1 Consumer Deployment Models 106
5.1.1.1 Home/Residential 106
5.1.1.2 Enterprise 106
5.1.2 Carrier Deployment Models 107
5.1.2.1 Metro 107
5.1.2.2 Rural 107
5.1.2.3 Case Study: Vodafone's Rural Femtocell Trial 107
5.1.3 Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS) 108
5.2 Carrier WiFi Deployment Models 109
5.2.1 Mobile Offload 109
5.2.2 SIM Based 109
5.2.3 Enterprise 109
5.2.4 Hotspot 109
5.2.5 Wholesale 109
5.2.6 Municipal WiFi 110
6 Chapter 6: Small Cells & Carrier WiFi Vertical Markets 111
6.1 Residential 111
6.2 Healthcare 111
6.3 Higher Education 111
6.4 Large Enterprises 112
6.5 SMBs 112
6.6 Retail 112
6.7 Construction 112
6.8 Public Sector 113
6.9 Public Safety and Defence 113
7 Chapter 7: Small Cell Backhaul 114
7.1 Small Cell Backhaul Technology 114
7.1.1 Ethernet over Copper 114
7.1.2 Ethernet over Fiber 114
7.1.3 DSL 114
7.1.4 Non-Line of Site (NLOS) Microwave 115
7.1.5 Point to Point (P2P) Microwave – 6-60 GHz 115
7.1.6 Point to Multipoint (P2MP) Microwave – 6-60 GHz 115
7.1.7 Milimeter Wave (E-band) – Licensed and Unlicensed 115
7.1.8 Satellite Based Backhaul 115
7.2 Requirements for Small Cell Backhaul 116
7.2.1 Form Factor & Environmental Hardening 116
7.2.2 Power Supply & Consumption 116
7.2.3 Installation & Provisioning 116
7.2.4 Integration of OAM and SON Capabilities 116
7.2.5 Deployment & Maintenance Cost 117
7.3 Key Issues 118
7.3.1 Backhaul Sharing: Can Small Cells and Macrocells Share Resources? 118
7.3.2 Coverage Challenges 118
7.3.3 Capacity/Peak Throughput Challenges 118
7.3.4 Will Millimeter Wave be the Preferred Outdoor Small Cell Backhaul Solution? 118
7.3.5 Is there a market for Satellite based Small Cell Backhaul 119
7.3.6 Assessing the Impact of the SCaaS Ecosystem 119
8 Chapter 8: Standardization & Regulatory Initiatives 120
8.1 Small Cell Forum 120
8.1.1 Mission 120
8.1.2 Scope of Work 120
8.1.3 Working Groups 121
8.1.3.1 Marketing and Promotions Group 122
8.1.3.2 Radio & Physical Layer Group 122
8.1.3.3 Network Group 122
8.1.3.4 Regulatory Group 122
8.1.3.5 Services Group 122
8.1.3.6 Interoperability Group 122
8.1.3.7 Special Interest Focus Groups: Backhaul, LTE, Rural & 3GPP2 Standards 123
8.2 Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA) 123
8.2.1 Mission 123
8.2.2 Scope of Work 123
8.2.3 Working Groups 124
8.2.3.1 Business Workgroup 124
8.2.3.2 Industry Engagement Workgroup 124
8.2.3.3 Roaming Workgroup 124
8.3 WiFi Alliance 125
8.3.1 Mission 125
8.3.2 Certification Programs 125
8.3.2.1 Core Certification 125
8.3.2.2 MiracastTM 126
8.3.2.3 Tunneled Direct Link Setup (TDLS) 126
8.3.2.4 PasspointTM 126
8.3.2.5 WiFi DirectTM 126
8.3.2.6 WiFi Protected SetupTM 127
8.3.2.7 WiFi Multimedia (WMM)TM 127
8.3.2.8 WMM-Power Save 127
8.3.2.9 Voice-Personal: Voice over WiFi 127
8.3.2.10 Voice-Enterprise: Voice over WiFi 127
8.3.2.11 CWG-RF 128
8.3.2.12 WMM-Admission Control 128
8.3.2.13 IBSS with WiFi Protected Setup 128
8.4 HetNet Forum 129
8.4.1 Mission 129
8.4.2 Scope of Work 129
8.4.3 Governance & Membership 129
8.5 3GPP 131
8.5.1 Mission 131
8.5.2 Small Cell Standardisation Activities 131
8.6 3GPP2 132
8.6.1 Mission 132
8.6.2 Small Cell Standardisation Activities 132
8.7 Broadband Forum 133
8.7.1 Mission 133
8.7.2 Small Cell Standardisation Activities 133
8.8 WiMAX Forum 134
8.8.1 Mission 134
8.8.2 Small Cell Standardisation Activities 134
8.9 Prominent Collaborations 136
8.9.1 WBA and WiFi Alliance 136
8.9.2 Small Cell Forum and GSMA 136
8.9.3 WBA, GSMA and Small Cell Forum 136
8.9.3.1 Integrating on a Network Level 137
8.9.3.2 Setting the Stage for Advanced Traffic Management 137
9 Chapter 9: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Deployments 138
9.1 Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS) Case Studies 138
9.1.1 BT 138
9.1.2 Cellcom 138
9.1.3 Colt Telecom 138
9.1.4 Cloudberry Mobile 139
9.1.5 ClearSky 139
9.1.6 Virgin Media 139
9.2 Carrier WiFi 140
9.2.1 AT&T Mobility 140
9.2.2 Comcast 140
9.2.3 Cox Communications 140
9.2.4 MetroPCS 141
9.2.5 Sprint 141
9.2.6 T-Mobile USA 141
9.2.7 Verizon Wireless 141
9.2.8 Free Mobile 142
9.2.9 BT 142
9.2.10 MegaFon 142
9.2.11 Orange (France Telecom) 142
9.2.12 Portugal Telecom 143
9.2.13 Telefónica Moviles (Spain) 143
9.2.14 T-Mobile Austria 143
9.2.15 Zain Saudi Arabia 143
9.2.16 China Mobile 143
9.2.17 KDDI 143.2.6 T-Mobile USA 141
9.2.7 Verizon Wireless 141
9.2.8 Free Mobile 142
9.2.9 BT 142
9.2.10 MegaFon 142
9.2.11 Orange (France Telecom) 142
9.2.12 Portugal Telecom 143
9.2.13 Telefónica Moviles (Spain) 143
9.2.14 T-Mobile Austria 143
9.2.15 Zain Saudi Arabia 143
9.2.16 China Mobile 143
9.2.17 KDDI 143
9.2.18 LG Uplus 144
9.2.19 NTT Broadband Platform 144
9.2.20 TIM Brasil 144
9.2.21 Other Carriers 144
9.3 Small Cell Deployments 145
9.3.1 Sprint 145
9.3.2 StarHub 145
9.3.3 Verizon Wireless 145
9.3.4 Vodafone UK 145
9.3.5 AT&T Mobility 145
9.3.6 SFR 146
9.3.7 NTT DoCoMo 146
9.3.8 China Unicom 146
9.3.9 Optimus Portugal 146
9.3.10 SingTel 146
9.3.11 Vodafone Spain 146
9.3.12 SoftBank 146
9.3.13 Vodafone Qatar 146
9.3.14 KDDI 147
9.3.15 Vodafone Greece 147
9.3.16 Movistar 147
9.3.17 T-Mobile UK 147
9.3.18 Moldtelecom 147
9.3.19 SK Telecom 147
9.3.20 Vodafone New Zealand 147
9.3.21 Vodafone Ireland 147
9.3.22 Network Norway 148
9.3.23 TOT Thailand 148
9.3.24 Optus 148
9.3.25 Vodafone Australia 148
9.3.26 MegaFon 148
9.3.27 Vodafone Italy 148
9.3.28 Vodafone Hungary 148
9.3.29 Orange (France Telecom) 148
9.3.30 Orange Romania 149
9.3.31 MTC 149
9.3.32 Vodafone Czech Republic 149
9.3.33 Beeline 149
9.3.34 Vodafone Netherlands 149
9.3.35 Cosmote 149
9.3.36 Vodafone Romania 149
9.3.37 Vodafone Portugal 150
9.3.38 Mosaic Telecom 150
9.3.39 Free Mobile 150
9.3.40 Three UK 150
9.3.41 China Mobile 150
9.3.42 Zain Bahrain 150
9.3.43 O2 150
9.3.44 Bouygues Telecom 150
9.3.45 Vodafone Germany 151
9.3.46 Vodafone Greece 151
9.3.47 EE (Everything Everywhere) 151
9.3.48 Other Commitments 151
9.4 Case Studies 152
9.4.1 Sprint/Softbank Acquisition: Assessing the Impact on the Small Cells Ecosystem 152
9.4.2 The Impact of LTE & Small Cells on Tier 2/3 CDMA Carriers in North America 153
10 Chapter 10: 'Pure-Play' and Specialist Small Cell Vendors 154
10.1 Airspan 154
10.2 Airvana 155
10.3 Alpha Networks 156
10.4 Anvaya Networks 157
10.5 Argela 158
10.6 ARItel (ETRI) 159
10.7 Askey Computer Corporation 160
10.8 Contela 161
10.9 Hay Systems Limited (HSL) 162
10.10 ip.access 163
10.11 Juni Global 164
10.12 Minieum Networks 165
10.13 PureWave Networks 166
10.14 SK Telesys 167
10.15 SpiderCloud 168
10.16 TEKTELIC Communications 169
10.17 Ubee-AirWalk 170
10.18 Ubiquisys (Acquired by Cisco) 171
10.19 Qucell 172
11 Chapter 11: Distributed Antenna System (DAS) & Repeater Solution Providers 173
11.1 Axell Wireless 173
11.2 Axis Teknologies 174
11.3 BTI Wireless 175
11.4 Cellular Specialities, Inc. (CSI) – Acquired by Goodman Networks 176
11.5 Comba Telecom 177
11.6 CommScope 178
11.7 Communication Components Inc. (CCI) 179
11.8 DeltaNode 180
11.9 Ethertronics 181
11.10 ExteNet Systems 182
11.11 InnerWireless (Acquired by Black Box) 183
11.12 Mesaplexx 184
11.13 MobileAccess (Acquired by Corning) 185
11.14 Nexius 186
11.15 NextG Networks (Acquired by Crown Castle) 187
11.16 CellO (Optiway and Cellvine) 188
11.17 Powerwave Technologies 189
11.18 RF Window 190
11.19 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 191
11.20 SOLiD Technologies 192
11.21 Shyam Telecom 193
11.22 TE Connectivity (Tyco Electronics Connectivity) 194
11.23 Ubidyne GmBH 195
11.24 Wi-Ex 196
11.25 Wilson Electronics 197
11.26 ZinWave 198
12 Chapter 12: Carrier WiFi Focused Vendors 199
12.1 4ipnet 199
12.2 Alvarion (Wavion) 200
12.3 Aruba Networks 201
12.4 BelAir Networks (Acquired by Ericsson) 202
12.5 Edgewater Wireless 203
12.6 GoNet Systems 204
12.7 Netgear 205
12.8 Option N.V. 206
12.9 Ruckus Wireless 207
12.10 Motorola Solutions 208
13 Chapter 13: Cloud RAN Solution Providers 209
13.1 6WIND 209
13.2 ADLINK Technology 210
13.3 ASOCS 211
13.4 Intel Corporation 212
14 Chapter 14: HetNet Focussed SON Solution Providers 213
14.1 Actix 213
14.2 Aircom International 214
14.3 AirHop Communications 215
14.4 Astellia 216
14.5 Celcite 217
14.6 Eden Rock Communications 218
14.7 Infovista (Mentum) 219
14.8 Intucell Systems (Acquired by Cisco) 220
14.9 JDSU (Arieso) 221
14.10 Reverb Networks 222
15 Chapter 15: Wireless Network (Macrocell, Core) Infrastructure Vendors 223
15.1 Alcatel-Lucent 223
15.2 Cisco 224
15.3 Datang Telecom 225
15.4 Ericsson 226
15.5 Fujitsu 227
15.6 Ericsson-LG 228
15.7 Huawei 229
15.8 Hitachi 230
15.9 Mitsubishi 231
15.10 NEC 232
15.11 Nokia Siemens Networks 233
15.12 NTT DoCoMo 234
15.13 Samsung 235
15.14 ZTE 236
16 Chapter 16: Chipset, Software and Component Vendors 237
16.1 Ablaze 237
16.2 Aricent 238
16.3 Altera 239
16.4 Broadcom 240
16.5 Cavium 241
16.6 Coherent Logix 242
16.7 Freescale Semiconductor 243
16.8 LSI 244
16.9 Maxim Integrated 245
16.10 Mindspeed Technologies 246
16.11 mimoOn 247
16.12 Node-H 248
16.13 Nomor Research 249
16.14 Octasic 250
16.15 Public Wireless 251
16.16 Qualcomm 252
16.17 Radisys 253
16.18 Rakon 254
16.19 SAI Technology 255
16.20 Tata Elxsi 256
16.21 Texas Instruments 257
16.22 Xilinx 258
16.23 u-blox 259
17 Chapter 17: Technology Providers 260
17.1 AltoBridge 260
17.2 Aepona 261
17.3 Acme Packet (Acquired by Oracle) 262
17.4 Accuris Networks 263
17.5 Agilent Technologies 264
17.6 Aicent 265
17.7 Amdocs 266
17.8 Applied Communication Sciences 267
17.9 Aptilo Networks 268
17.10 Advanced Wireless Technology Group (AWTG) 269
17.11 BandwidthX 270
17.12 Birdstep Technology ASA 271
17.13 BSG Wireless 272
17.14 EDX Wireless 273
17.15 Front Porch 274
17.16 Green Packet 275
17.17 InterDigital 276
17.18 Kineto Wireless 277
17.19 Nash Technologies 278
17.20 Netgem 279
17.21 Nomadix 280
17.22 Quortus 281
17.23 Smith Micro Software 282
17.24 Syniverse Technologies 283
17.25 Stoke 284
17.26 WeFi 285
18 Chapter 18: WiFi Network Providers 286
18.1 AlwaysOn 286
18.2 Boingo Wireless 287
18.3 BSkyB (The Cloud) 288
18.4 Devicescape Software 289
18.5 Fon Wireless 290
18.6 iPass 291
18.7 Quadriga Worldwide 292
18.8 Towerstream Corporation 293
19 Chapter 19: Small Cell Backhaul Solution Providers 294
19.1 Athena Wireless Communications 294
19.2 Avanti 295
19.3 Aviat Networks 296
19.4 BridgeWave Communications 297
19.5 BLiNQ Networks 298
19.6 BluWan 299
19.7 CCS 300
19.8 Ceragon 301
19.9 Cambridge Broadband Networks (CBNL) 302
19.10 Cambium Networks 303
19.11 DragonWave 304
19.12 E-Band Communications 305
19.13 FastBack Networks 306
19.14 iDirect 307
19.15 Intracom Telecom 308
19.16 LightPoint Communications 309
19.17 RADWIN 310
19.18 Siklu 311
19.19 Sub10 Systems 312
19.20 Taqua 313
19.21 Tarana Wireless 31419.22 Vubiq 315
20 Chapter 20: Market Analysis and Forecasts 316
20.1 The Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Market: 2013 – 2020 316
20.1.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base 316
20.1.1.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base Compared 317
20.1.1.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region 317
20.1.2 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue 318
20.1.2.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue Compared 319
20.1.2.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region 320
20.1.3 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue 321
20.1.3.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue Compared 321
20.1.3.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue by Region 322
20.2 The Global Small Cell Market: 2013 – 2020 323
20.2.1 Global Throughput of Small Cell Data Traffic 323
20.2.2 Global Small Cell Installed Base 323
20.2.3 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro) 324
20.2.3.1 Global Femtocell Installed Base 324
20.2.3.2 Global Picocell Installed Base 325
20.2.3.3 Global Microcell Installed Base 325
20.2.4 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Deployment Model (Home/Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural) 326
20.2.4.1 Home/Residential Small Cell Installed Base 327
20.2.4.2 Enterprise Small Cell Installed Base 327
20.2.4.3 Metro Small Cell Installed Base 328
20.2.4.4 Rural Small Cell Installed Base 328
20.2.5 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G) 329
20.2.5.1 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Installed Base 330
20.2.5.2 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Installed Base 330
20.2.6 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD/TD-LTE, WiMAX) 331
20.2.6.1 GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Installed Base 331
20.2.6.2 CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Installed Base 332
20.2.6.3 LTE FDD Small Cell Installed Base 332
20.2.6.4 TD-LTE Small Cell Installed Base 333
20.2.6.5 WiMAX Small Cell Installed Base 333
20.2.7 Small Cell Installed Base by Region 334
20.2.8 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 335
20.2.9 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro) 336
20.2.9.1 Global Femtocell Unit Shipments & Revenue 337
20.2.9.2 Global Picocell Unit Shipments & Revenue 338
20.2.9.3 Global Microcell Unit Shipments & Revenue 339
20.2.10 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Deployment Model (Home/Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural) 340
20.2.10.1 Home/Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 341
20.2.10.2 Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 342
20.2.10.3 Metro Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 343
20.2.10.4 Rural Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 344
20.2.11 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G) 345
20.2.11.1 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 346
20.2.11.2 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 347
20.2.12 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD/TD-LTE, WiMAX) 348
20.2.12.1 GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 349
20.2.12.2 CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 350
20.2.12.3 LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 351
20.2.12.4 TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 352
20.2.12.5 WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue 353
20.2.13 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region 354
20.2.14 Global Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue 355
20.2.15 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region 355
20.3 The Global Carrier WiFi Market: 2013 – 2020 356
20.3.1 Global Throughput of Carrier WiFi Data Traffic 356
20.3.2 Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base 356
20.3.3 Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers) 357
20.3.3.1 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base 357
20.3.3.2 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Installed Base 358
20.3.4 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi) 358
20.3.4.1 Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Installed Base 359
20.3.4.2 Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi Access Point Installed Base 359
20.3.5 Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region 360
20.3.6 Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue 361
20.3.7 Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers) 362
20.3.7.1 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue 363
20.3.7.2 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments & Revenue 364
20.3.8 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi) 365
20.3.8.1 Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue 366
20.3.8.2 Global Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue 367
20.3.9 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region 368
20.3.10 Global Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue 369
20.3.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region 369
20.4 The Global Small Cells as a Service (SCaaS) Market: 2013 – 2020 370
20.4.1 Global Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) Revenue 370
20.4.2 Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) Revenue by Region 370
20.5 The Global Small Cells Backhaul Market: 2013 – 2020 371
20.5.1 Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 371
20.5.2 Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Technology 372
20.5.2.1 Ethernet over Copper Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 373
20.5.2.2 Ethernet over Fiber Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 373
20.5.2.3 DSL Modems and DSLAMs Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 374
20.5.2.4 NLOS Microwave (Below 6 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 374
20.5.2.5 PTP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 375
20.5.2.6 PTMP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 375
20.5.2.7 Millimeter Wave (Unlicensed 60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 376
20.5.2.8 Millimeter Wave (Licensed 71-76GHz, 81-86GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 376
20.5.2.9 Satellite Based Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending 377
20.5.3 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Region 377
20.6 The Global Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Market: 2013 – 2020 378
20.6.1 Global Throughput of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Data Traffic 378
20.6.2 Global Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Infrastructure Spending 378
20.6.3 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Infrastructure Spending by Region 379
20.7 The Global Cloud Radio Access Network (Cloud RAN) Market: 2013 – 2020 380
20.7.1 Global Cloud RAN Infrastructure Spending 380
20.7.2 Cloud RAN Infrastructure Spending by Region 380
20.8 The Global Self-Organizing Network (SON) Market: 2013 – 2020 381
20.8.1 Global Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solution Spending 381
20.8.2 Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solution Spending by Region 381
20.9 The Global Mobile Network Data Service Market: 2013 – 2020 382
20.9.1 Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue 382
20.9.2 Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Access Network Type (Macrocell, Small Cell, Carrier WiFi, DAS) 382
20.9.2.1 Macrocell based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue 383
20.9.2.2 Small Cell based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue 383
20.9.2.3 Carrier WiFi based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue 384
20.9.2.4 DAS based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue 384
20.9.3 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Region 385
20.10 North America Market: 2013 – 2020 386
20.10.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in North America 386
20.10.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in North America 386
20.10.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America 387
20.10.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America 387
20.10.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in North America 388
20.10.6 Small Cell Installed Base in North America 389
20.10.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America 389
20.10.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America 390
20.10.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America 391
20.10.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America 391
20.10.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America 392
20.10.12 Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) Revenue in North America 393
20.10.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in North America 393
20.10.14 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Infrastructure Spending in North America 394
20.10.15 Cloud RAN Infrastructure Spending in North America 394
20.10.16 Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solution Spending in North America 395
20.11 Asia Pacific Market: 2013 – 2020 396
20.11.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Asia Pacific 396
20.11.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific 396
20.11.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific 397
20.11.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific 397
20.11.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific 398
20.11.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Asia Pacific 399
20.11.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific 399
20.11.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific 400
20.11.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific 401
20.11.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific 401
20.11.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific 402
20.11.12 Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) Revenue in Asia Pacific 403
20.11.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific 403
20.11.14 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific 404
20.11.15 Cloud RAN Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific 404
20.11.16 Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solution Spending in Asia Pacific 405
20.12 Western Europe Market: 2013 – 2020 406
20.12.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Western Europe 406
20.12.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Western Europe 406
20.12.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe 407
20.12.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe 407
20.12.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Western Europe 408
20.12.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Western Europe 409
20.12.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe 409
20.12.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe 410
20.12.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe 411
20.12.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe 411
20.12.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe 412
20.12.12 Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) Revenue in Western Europe 413
20.12.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe 413
20.12.14 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe 414
20.12.15 Cloud RAN Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe 414
20.12.16 Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solution Spending in Western Europe 415
20.13 Eastern Europe Market: 2013 – 2020 416
20.13.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Eastern Europe 416
20.13.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe 416
20.13.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe 417
20.13.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe 417
20.13.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe 418
20.13.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Eastern Europe 419
20.13.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe 419
20.13.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe 420
20.13.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe 421
20.13.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe 421
20.13.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe 422
20.13.12 Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) Revenue in Eastern Europe 423
20.13.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe 423
20.13.14 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe 424
20.13.15 Cloud RAN Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe 424
20.13.16 Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solution Spending in Eastern Europe 425
20.14 Middle East & Africa Market: 2013 – 2020 426
20.14.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Middle East & Africa 426
20.14.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa 426
20.14.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa 427
20.14.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa 427
20.14.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa 428
20.14.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Middle East & Africa 429
20.14.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa 429
20.14.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa 430
20.14.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa 431
20.14.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa 431
20.14.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa 432
20.14.12 Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) Revenue in Middle East & Africa 433
20.14.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa 433
20.14.14 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa 434
20.14.15 Cloud RAN Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa 434
20.14.16 Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solution Spending in Middle East & Africa 435
20.15 Latin & Central America Market: 2013 – 2020 436
20.15.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Latin & Central America 436
20.15.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America 436
20.15.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America 437
20.15.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America 437
20.15.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America 438
20.15.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Latin & Central America 439
20.15.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America 439
20.15.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America 440
20.15.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America 441
20.15.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America 441
20.15.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America 442
20.15.12 Small Cell as a Service (SCaaS) Revenue in Latin & Central America 443
20.15.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America 443
20.15.14 Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America 444
20.15.15 Cloud RAN Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America 444
20.15.16 Self-Organizing Network (SON) Solution Spending in Latin & Central America 445
21 Chapter 21: Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations 446
21.1 The Formula for Success: Selecting the Right Combination of Small Cell Form Factors 446
21.2 SON Integration is Key 446
21.3 Network Visibility & OAM 447
21.4 Addressing Network Security: IPsec 447
21.5 Small Cells, WiFi Cloud RAN or DAS: Which Implementation will lead HetNet Deployments? 448
21.6 Rise of the Non-Macro Vendors 448
21.7 Strategic Recommendations 449
21.7.1 Recommendations for HetNet Solution Vendors 449
21.7.2 Recommendations for Wireless Carriers 449
21.7.3 Recommendations for Macrocell Infrastructure Vendors 450
21.7.4 Recommendations for Backhaul Solution Providers 450

List of Figures

Figure 1: Global LTE Subscriptions by Region: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) 58
Figure 2: HetNet Architecture 59
Figure 3: Small Cell Coverage Range Comparison 61
Figure 4: Small Cell Characteristics & Comparison to Macrocells 62
Figure 5: Mobile Netw