The Global Market for Distributed Energy Generation

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The Global Market for Distributed Energy Generation

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REPORT SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

BCC's goal in conducting this study was to assess and describe the current status of the worldwide distributed energy generation (DG) industry for all major technologies, and to assess the potential growth of that industry. More specifically, the study included the following objectives: (1) summarize existing DG technologies as well as promising technologies under development; (2) evaluate the existing DE industry, focusing on producers of each major viable technology; and (3) assess market potential for DE generation technologies over a 5-year period, from 2010 through 2015. This report also serves to update a previous report on the same topic that provided projections through 2013 that was completed prior to the global economic downturn that began in 2009.

REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY

Worldwide interest in alternative forms of energy production is quickly rising, driven by increased global awareness of energy-related issues including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, climate change, energy cost and security, air and water pollution, and other environmental and economic concerns. DG represents one of several potential solutions that are being widely implemented to address these issues. In many situations, increased reliance on DG sources including solar, wind, fuel cell, and other technologies will serve as a key component toward reaching climate change, energy security, and environmental goals of political entities around the globe. This study assesses market opportunities that will facilitate the implementation of DG around the world.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

We have completed a study of DG technologies along with relevant market and production information, technological descriptions and issues, applications, market factors and potential, and an overview of supporting incentives and regulations in major worldwide markets. Therefore, this study is of interest to manufacturers of DG technologies, distributors, suppliers, and entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial companies interested in entering or expanding into the DG sector. It will also be of interest to corporate planners and strategists, infrastructure engineering firms, energy market researchers, and energy/fuel suppliers who are engaged in renewable and alternative energy and fuels production and distribution.

SCOPE OF REPORT

The scope of this investigation includes all major viable DG technologies as well as abbreviated assessment of potentially viable emerging DG technologies. BCC analyzes each technology, determines its current market status, examines its impact on future markets, and presents forecasts of growth over the ensuing 5 years. Technological issues including the latest trends are assessed and discussed, as is the current and likely ongoing regulatory environment in support of this industry.

BCC analyzes the industry on a worldwide basis from both a manufacturing and an implementation point of view. We examine government roles in support of DG technologies worldwide, including regulatory support and requirements, feed-in tariffs, and promotional incentives for various DG technologies as relevant and available. We provide a review of the most relevant DG technologies, discuss recent trends in capacity installation and unit sales, and provide industry overviews and market assessments for each DG technology.

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES . 1

REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY 1

INTENDED AUDIENCE 1

SCOPE OF REPORT .. 2

WORLDWIDE MARKETS ... 2

TABLE A LIST OF GLOBAL MARKETS CONSIDERED IN THIS

STUDY . 2

METHODOLOGY . 2

TABLE B RESEARCH INFORMATION SOURCES . 3

INFORMATION SOURCES ... 3

ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4

RELATED BCC REPORTS 4

BCC ONLINE SERVICES .. 4

DISCLAIMER . 5

CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY .. 6

SUMMARY .. 6

SUMMARY TABLE PROJECTED GLOBAL DISTRIBUTED

GENERATION MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) ... 7

SUMMARY FIGURE COMPARISON OF PROJECTED DISTRIBUTED

GENERATION MARKET, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) .. 7

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW 8

DISTRIBUTED ENERGY AND DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ... 8

TABLE 1 CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANT GENERATION

CAPACITIES (MW ELECTRICITY) ... 8

TABLE 2 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

CONSIDERED IN THIS REPORT 9

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY

GENERATION 10

TABLE 3 ENERGY SOURCES FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION .. 10

TABLE 4 ENERGY SOURCES FOR DISTRIBUTED ENERGY

TECHNOLOGIES .. 11

A BRIEF HISTORY OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION .. 11

DISTRIBUTED ELECTRICITY USES 12

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DISTRIBUTED

ELECTRICITY GENERATION .. 13

ADVANTAGES ... 13

TABLE 5 ADVANTAGES OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION .. 14

Potential Cost Savings 14

Improved Distribution . 14

Reliability: Peak Loads and Grid Interruptions 15

Power Quality and Consistency .. 15

Energy Independence and Security 16

Incorporation of Renewable Energy 16

Ancillary Utility Services 16

Microgrids 17

DRAWBACKS OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION 17

TABLE 6 DRAWBACKS OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 18

DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES AND

APPLICATIONS .. 18

DISTRIBUTED ENERGY GENERATION …(CONTINUED) . 19

TABLE 7 MATURITY OF DISTRIBUTED ELECTRICITY

TECHNOLOGIES .. 20

TABLE 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECT DISTRIBUTED

GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES ... 20

CAPITAL, INSTALLATION, AND OPERATION COSTS ... 21

TABLE 9 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DISTRIBUTED

GENERATION COST 21

MICROTURBINES 22

TABLE 10 MICROTURBINE OVERVIEW ... 23

Advantages .. 23

TABLE 11 MICROTURBINE ADVANTAGES . 23

Drawbacks ... 24

TABLE 12 MICROTURBINE DRAWBACKS ... 24

COMBUSTION TURBINES .. 24

TABLE 13 COMBUSTION TURBINE OVERVIEW 25

Advantages .. 25

TABLE 14 COMBUSTION TURBINE ADVANTAGES ... 26

Drawbacks ... 26

TABLE 15 COMBUSTION TURBINE DRAWBACKS . 26

MICROHYDROPOWER 27

TABLE 16 MICROHYDROPOWER OVERVIEW . 28

Advantages .. 28

TABLE 17 MICROHYDROPOWER ADVANTAGES ... 29

Drawbacks ... 29

TABLE 18 MICROHYDROPOWER DRAWBACKS . 29

RECIPROCATING ENGINES ... 30

TABLE 19 RECIPROCATING ENGINE OVERVIEW . 31

Advantages .. 32

TABLE 20 RECIPROCATING ENGINE ADVANTAGES ... 32

Drawbacks ... 33

TABLE 21 RECIPROCATING ENGINE DRAWBACKS . 33

FUEL CELLS . 33

TABLE 22 FUEL CELL OVERVIEW 34

Types of Fuel Cells .. 35

TABLE 23 COMPARISON OF COMMON FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES .. 35

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) 35

Alkaline Fuel Cells ... 36

Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells ... 37

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells 37

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells... 38

Direct Methanol Fuel Cells .. 39

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (SOLAR PANELS) 40

TABLE 24 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS OVERVIEW 41

Advantages of PV Systems .. 41

TABLE 25 ADVANTAGES SPECIFIC TO PV SYSTEMS ... 42

Drawbacks of PV Systems ... 42

TABLE 26 DRAWBACKS SPECIFIC TO PV SYSTEMS . 43

SMALL WIND TURBINES ... 43

Small Wind Turbines (Continued) .. 44

TABLE 27 WIND TURBINE OVERVIEW 45

Advantages of DG Wind Turbines .. 45

TABLE 28 ADVANTAGES OF DG-SCALE WIND TURBINES .. 46

Drawbacks of DG Wind Turbines ... 46

TABLE 29 DRAWBACKS SPECIFIC TO DG-SCALE WIND TURBINES . 47

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER 47

TABLE 30 COMBINED HEAT AND POWER OVERVIEW . 48

Advantages of Combined Heat and Power . 48

TABLE 31 ADVANTAGES OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER . 48

Drawbacks of Combined Heat and Power .. 48

TABLE 32 DRAWBACKS OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER ... 49

OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 49

Stirling Engines ... 49

Trigeneration ... 50

CHAPTER FOUR: REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES FOR

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION 51

UNITED STATES REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES . 51

TABLE 33 OVERVIEW OF U.S. REGULATORY SUPPORT AND

INCENTIVES . 52

U.S. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE ... 53

Energy Efficient Commercial Buildings Tax Deduction 53

Modified Accelerated Cost-Recovery System + Bonus

Depreciation ... 53

Residential Energy Conservation Subsidy Exclusion

(Corporate) .. 54

Business Energy Investment Tax Credit ... 54

Residential Energy Efficiency Tax Credit .. 55

Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit 55

Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit 55

TABLE 34 IN-SERVICE DEADLINE AND CREDIT AMOUNT BY

FACILITY TYPE 56

Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Tax Credit ... 56

Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds ... 57

Residential Energy Conservation Subsidy Exclusion

(Personal) 57

U.S. DOE 58

Tribal Energy Program Grant 58

Renewable Energy Production Incentive 58

State Energy Program Funding .. 59

Loan Guarantee Program 60

Energy Goals and Standards for Federal Government.. 60

U.S. Federal Government – Green Power Purchasing Goal .. 61

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE .. 61

USDA – High Energy Cost Grant Program 61

USDA REAP Grants and Loan Guarantees ... 62

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY .. 63

Renewable Energy Grants .. 63

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 63

Interconnection Standards for Small Generators ... 63

INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES ?

EUROPE .. 64

TABLE 35 OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN REGULATORY SUPPORT

AND INCENTIVES ... 65

TABLE 35 (CONTINUED) .. 66

TABLE 35 (CONTINUED) .. 67

TABLE 35 (CONTINUED) .. 68

EUROPEAN UNION . 69

20 20 by 2020 ? Europe's Climate Change Opportunity ... 69

An Energy Policy for Europe ... 69

European Council Action Plan (2007–2009) Energy Policy

for Europe ... 70

Seventh Framework Program for Research and

Technological Development ... 70

TABLE 36 ENERGY RESEARCH UNDER FP7 .. 71

Strategic Energy Technology Plan: Toward a Low Carbon

Future . 71

European Photovoltaic Technology Platform . 71

European Technology Platforms . 72

Directive on the Taxation of Energy Products and

Electricity ... 72

Biomass Action Plan 73

EU Climate and Energy Package: Renewable Energy

Targets 73

Revised State Aid Guidelines for Environmental

Protection 73

Renewable Energy Road Map – Renewable Energies in

the 21st Century: Building a More Sustainable Future ... 74

POLICIES OF INDIVIDUAL EU MEMBER COUNTRIES 74

Austria . 74

Klima:Aktiv Program ... 74

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency

Partnership .. 75

Combined Heat and Power Law (CHP Law – KWK

Gesetz) .. 75

Okostromverordnung (Feed-in Tariffs) 2010 –

OSVO 2010 ... 76

TABLE 37 PRIMARY TARIFFS FOR RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY

(EUROCENTS/KWH) ... 76

Green Electricity Act 77

Federal Promotion of Extraordinary Efficiency in

Buildings .. 77

Financial Incentives for Rural Biomass Energy

Generation ... 77

Belgium 78

Solwatt-Wallonia... 78

Grants Supporting Solar Energy ? Brussels Region ... 78

Green Certificate Scheme ? Federal 78

Tax Deductions for Investments in Energy

Efficiency and Renewable Energy – Federal . 78

Subsidies for Companies Investing in

Renewable Energy ? Wallonia 79

Provincial and Municipal Grants for Solar Energy –

Flanders ... 79

Flanders ? Call-System Ecological Investment

Study 79

Subsidies for Renewable Energy in Tertiary Sector

Buildings – Brussels Region ... 79

Flemish Government Second Climate Policy Plan .. 80

Support for Renewable Electricity (Photovoltaics) –

Green Certificates – Flanders . 80

Subsidies for Renewable Energy Investment –

Wallonia ... 80

Access to the Grid (Renewables and CHP) .. 81

Czech Republic . 81

Promotion of Power Generated by Renewable

Sources . 81

Tax Exemption for Renewable Energy Use . 81

Building Retrofit Subsidies: Panel Program ... 82

Denmark .. 82

Agreement on Danish Energy Policy 2008–2011 82

Subsidies for Renewable Electricity Generation . 82

Agreement on Green Growth ... 83

Feed-in Premium Tariffs for Renewable Power

(Promotion of Renewable Energy Act) 83

Net Metering for Small-Scale PV . 84

Finland . 84

Energy Grants for Residential Buildings 84

Energy Aid. 84

Tax Subsidies for Power Production Based on

Renewable Energy Sources . 85

France .. 85

Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs (I) .. 85

Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs (II) 86

Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs (III) ... 86

Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff (IV) . 87

Le Grenelle de l'Environnement .. 87

Plan for the Energy Performance of Agricultural

Exploitations 87

Renewable Energy Feed-in: Biomass ... 88

Renewable Energy Feed-in: Solar PV .. 88

National Strategy for Research and Development in

the Field of Energy .. 88

Flexible Depreciation 89

Extension of Tax Credit in Favor of Renewable

Energy Equipment in New Housing ... 89

Extension of the Law on Reduced VAT for

Residential Renewable Energy Equipment 89

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency

Partnership (REEEP) .. 89

Government Crediting and Loan Guarantee for

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Investment – FOGIME 89

Germany ... 90

2009 Amendment of the Renewable Energy Source

Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz EEG) .. 90

KfW Renewable Energies Program (KfWProgramm

Erneuerbare Energien) . 91

Integrated Climate Change and Energy Program .. 91

Climate Legislation Package Enacted Under the

Integrated Climate Change and Energy

Program ... 91

Greece ... 92

Feed-In Tariff for Solar PV ... 92

Development Incentives for Renewable Energy

Sources . 92

Generation of Electricity Using Renewable Energy

Sources . 92

Hungary ... 93

New Hungary Development Plan (NHDP) and

Environment and Energy Operative Program

(KEOP) . 93

National Energy Conservation Program 2008 (NEP

2008) . 94

Ireland .. 94

Amendment of Part L of the Building Regulations . 94

Best Practice Guidelines—Irish Wind Industry .. 94

Microgeneration Support Program .. 95

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Deployment

Program ... 95

Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff 95

Italy .. 96

Finance Act 2008: Renewable Energy Provisions for

the Green Certificates System 96

Research for Energy Efficiency and Renewable

Energy in Urban Areas ... 96

Feed-in Tariff for Solar Thermodynamic Energy 96

Finance Act 2008: Renewable Energy Provisions for

"All-Inclusive" Feed-in Tariff for Small

Renewable Plants 97

New Feed-In Tariff to Promote Photovoltaic

Systems 97

RES Promotion ? Implementing Directive

2001/77/EC ... 98

Luxembourg . 98

Think Climate ? Financial Aid Program for Energy

Savings and Renewable Energy in Housing ... 98

CO2 Reduction Action Plan ... 98

Feed-in Tariffs for Renewable Energy: Règlement

Grand-Ducal of October 14, 2005 99

Grants for Energy Efficiency and Renewable

Energy Investments .. 100

Règlement Grand-Ducal (July 17, 2001) 100

Netherlands ... 100

SDE (Stimulering Duurzame Energie): Renewable

Energy and CHP Production Aid Scheme 100

Incentive Scheme for Sustainable Energy

Production .. 101

Energy Transition ... 101

Energy Premium (EPR) and Energy Performance

Advice (EPA) .. 102

Green Certificate Trading .. 102

Norway ... 102

Enova SF – The Energy Fund 102

Clean Energy for the Future (RENERGI) Program .. 102

Strategy for Small-Scale Hydropower 103

Poland 103

Polish Energy Policy Until 2030 103

Program for Renewable Energy and High-

Efficiency Cogeneration Projects .. 104

Loans from the National Fund for Environmental

Protection and Water Management .. 104

Energy Law Act ... 104

Obligation for Power Purchase from Renewable

Sources ... 105

Renewable Energy Excise Tax ... 105

Portugal .. 105

Implementation of the CHP Directive ... 105

National Energy Strategy 2020 (ENE 2020) . 106

Microgeneration Law .. 106

Modified Feed-In Tariffs for Renewables – Decree

Law No. 225/2007 .. 106

Tax Reduction for Renewable Energy Equipment 107

Slovak Republic . 107

Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Energy ... 107

Slovenia .. 108

Feed-In Tariffs and Premiums ... 108

Program for Higher Biomass and Solar Energy Use 108

Spain .. 109

Feed-In Tariffs for Electricity from Renewable

Energy Sources (Special Regime) . 109

Technical Building Code . 109

New Regulatory Framework for Administrative

Procedures for Renewable Energy Facilities 110

Sweden ... 110

Grant for Local Authority Land Use Planning for

Wind Power 110

Advisory Council for the Promotion of Wind Power .. 110

Funding for Wind Power Pilot Projects . 110

Sustainable Municipalities Program . 111

Environmental Bonus for Wind Power .. 111

Green Certificate Scheme ... 111

Switzerland 112

2009 Stabilization Program: Energy Measures . 112

Feed-In Tariffs of the New Electricity Supply Act 112

Electricity Supply Act . 113

United Kingdom 113

Feed-In Tariffs for Renewable Electricity .. 113

Low Carbon Transition Plan .. 114

Renewable Energy Strategy 2009 .. 115

Energy Technologies Institute ... 115

Bio-Energy Infrastructure Scheme 115

Environmental Transformation Fund ... 116

International Element of the ETF .. 116

Domestic Element of the ETF . 116

Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act ... 117

Microgeneration Strategy ... 117

INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES ?

ASIA AND AUSTRALIA ... 118

TABLE 38 AUSTRAL-ASIAN COUNTRIES WITH DG SUPPORT AND

INCENTIVES ... 118

TABLE 39 OVERVIEW OF ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN REGULATORY

SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES .. 118

TABLE 39 (CONTINUED) 119

AUSTRALIA . 120

New South Wales Solar Bonus Scheme 120

Renewable Energy Bonus Scheme . 120

Australian Capital Territory Feed-in Tariff Scheme 120

Green Loans Program for Households ... 121

Solar Cities .. 121

Queensland Smart Energy Policy . 121

National Solar Schools Program ... 122

Queensland Solar Bonus Scheme . 122

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership .. 122

Victoria's Feed-In Tariff Scheme .. 122

CHINA .. 123

Shandong Province One Million Rooftops Sunshine Plan ... 123

Shandong Province Energy Fund ... 123

Shandong Province Village Renewable Energy

Regulations 123

Medium and Long Term Development Plan for

Renewable Energy . 124

INDIA ... 124

Solar Power Generation Based Incentive . 124

New Feed-in Tariff Regulations . 125

National Action Plan on Climate Change 125

Government Assistance for Small Hydropower

Stations .. 125

National Solar Mission ... 126

Energy Conservation Act .. 126

Government Assistance for Wind Power

Development .. 127

INDONESIA . 127

National Energy Blueprint ... 127

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency

Partnership 127

JAPAN .. 128

New Purchase System for Solar Power-Generated

Electricity . 128

Subsidy for Residential PV Systems .. 128

Cool Earth Energy Innovative Technology Plan .. 128

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership .. 129

Seaway Signals Converted to Use Renewable Energy 129

REPUBLIC OF KOREA ... 129

Tax Audit Exemption – Alternative Energy Businesses . 129

Certification for New and Renewable Energy Facilities .. 129

Feed-in Tariff for Renewables (Electricity Business Law) .. 130

SINGAPORE 130

Clean Energy Research Program (CERP) 130

Tax Incentive for Energy-Saving Equipment 131

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership .. 131

INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES ?

SOUTH AMERICA 131

TABLE 40 SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES WITH DISTRIBUTED

GENERATION SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES ... 131

TABLE 41 OVERVIEW OF SOUTH AMERICAN REGULATORY

SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES .. 132

ARGENTINA 132

Promotion of Renewable Sources of Energy for Electricity

Production . 132

Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership

(REEEP) 132

BRAZIL . 133

Brazil National Climate Change Plan .. 133

Luz para Todos (Light for All) Electrification Program ... 133

Program of Incentives for Alternative Electricity Sources .. 134

CHILE ... 134

Rural Electrification with Renewable Energy Program .. 134

CHAPTER FIVE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MAJOR MARKETS .. 135

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE . 135

TABLE 42 POTENTIAL NICHE OVERLAP AMONG DG

TECHNOLOGIES 136

MANUFACTURING HISTORY .. 136

LARGE, SMALL, AND WORLDWIDE PRESENCE .. 137

TABLE 43 CHARACTERISTICS OF MAJOR DISTRIBUTED

GENERATION MANUFACTURERS IDENTIFIED IN THIS REPORT

(%) . 138

MAJOR MARKETS . 138

INSTALLED DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ... 139

Microturbine Market . 139

Microturbine Market (Continued) .. 140

TABLE 44 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED MICROTURBINES

WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW INSTALLED) 141

TABLE 45 WORLDWIDE MICROTURBINE UNIT SALES THROUGH

2010 (UNITS) ... 141

Small Combustion Turbine Market .. 141

Small Combustion … (Continued) .. 142

TABLE 46 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED SMALL COMBUSTION

TURBINES WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW

INSTALLED) ... 143

TABLE 47 WORLDWIDE SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINE UNIT

SALES THROUGH 2010 (UNITS) 143

Reciprocating Engine Market ... 143

Reciprocating Engine … (Continued) . 144

TABLE 48 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED RECIPROCATING ENGINES

WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW INSTALLED) . 145

TABLE 49 WORLDWIDE RECIPROCATING ENGINE UNITS SALES

THROUGH 2010 (UNITS) ... 145

Fuel Cell Market 145

TABLE 50 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED STATIONARY FUEL CELLS

WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW INSTALLED) . 146

TABLE 51 WORLDWIDE STATIONARY FUEL CELL UNIT SALES

THROUGH 2010 (UNITS) ... 147

PV Systems Market ... 147

PV Systems Market (Continued) 148

TABLE 52 TOTAL ANNUAL DISTRIBUTED INSTALLED

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH

2010 (MW INSTALLED) .. 149

TABLE 53 WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTED PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL UNIT

SALES THROUGH 2010 (THOUSANDS OF UNITS) . 149

Small Wind Market ... 149

Small Wind Market (Continued) 150

TABLE 54 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED SMALL WIND CAPACITY,

WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW INSTALLED) 151

TABLE 55 WORLDWIDE SMALL WIND UNIT SALES THROUGH

2010 (UNITS) ... 151

Distributed Hydropower Market .. 151

Distributed Hydropower … (Continued) 152

TABLE 56 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED SMALL HYDROPOWER

CAPACITY WORLDWIDE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (MW

INSTALLED) ... 153

TABLE 57 WORLDWIDE SMALL HYDROPOWER UNIT SALES

THROUGH 2010 (UNITS) ... 153

Worldwide Distributed Generation Market . 153

Worldwide … (Continued) .. 154

TABLE 58 TOTAL ANNUAL INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY,

ALL TECHNOLOGIES, WORLDWIDE BY REGION THROUGH 2010

(MW INSTALLED) ... 155

CHAPTER SIX: COMPANY PROFILES . 156

MICROTURBINES . 156

TABLE 59 MICROTURBINE MANUFACTURERS AND DEVELOPERS

WORLDWIDE .. 156

MICROTURBINE MANUFACTURERS AND DEVELOPERS

WORLDWIDE . 157

Calnetix Power Solutions .. 157

TABLE 60 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CALNETIX POWER SOLUTIONS .. 158

Capstone Turbine Corporation . 158

Capstone Turbine International, Inc. 158

TABLE 61 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CAPSTONE TURBINE

CORPORATION ... 159

Ingersoll-Rand Energy Systems 159

TABLE 62 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? INGERSOLL-RAND ENERGY

SYSTEMS 160

Solar Turbines ... 160

TABLE 63 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOLAR TURBINES .. 161

Toyota Turbine and Systems, Inc. 162

TABLE 64 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? TOYOTA TURBINE AND

SYSTEMS, INC. ... 163

Turbec 163

Turbec S.p.A. ... 163

Turbec R&D AB .. 163

TABLE 65 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? TURBEC 164

Wilson Solarpower . 165

TABLE 66 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? WILSON SOLARPOWER . 166

COMBUSTION TURBINES ... 166

TABLE 67 SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINE MANUFACTURERS AND

DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 167

SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINE MANUFACTURERS . 167

ALM Turbine . 167

TABLE 68 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? ALM TURBINE . 168

Siemens Energy . 168

Siemens S.A. de C.V. Power Generation 168

Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery Ltd. . 168

Siemens Power Plant Automation, Ltd. . 169

TABLE 69 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SIEMENS ENERGY . 169

Solar Turbines ... 170

TABLE 70 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOLAR TURBINES .. 171

MICROHYDROPOWER . 171

TABLE 71 MICROHYDROPOWER MANUFACTURERS AND

DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 171

MICROHYDROPOWER MANUFACTURERS ... 172

Asian Phoenix Resources Ltd 172

TABLE 72 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? ASIAN PHOENIX . 172

Canyon Industries . 173

TABLE 73 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CANYON HYDRO . 173

Cargo & Kraft Turbin Sverige AB 174

TABLE 74 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CARGO KRAFT TURBIN

SVERIGE AB ... 174

Fuchun Industry Development Company Ltd. Shenzhen ... 174

TABLE 75 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FUCHUN INDUSTRY

DEVELOPMENT CO. LTD., SHENZHEN. 175

Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon, Ltd. ... 175

Gilbert Gilkes, Inc. (USA) .. 175

Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon, Ltd. (Japan) . 176

TABLE 76 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? GILBERT GILKES & GORDON,

LTD. .. 176

Gugler Water Turbines GmbH .. 177

TABLE 77 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? GUGLER WATER TURBINES 177

Savoia Generators . 178

TABLE 78 POWER OUTPUT OF SAVOIA MICROHYDROPOWER

TURBINE (KW ELECTRICITY) 178

TABLE 79 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SAVOIA GENERATORS .. 179

Tyco Tamar 179

TABLE 80 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? TYCO TAMAR ... 180

RECIPROCATING ENGINES ... 180

TABLE 81 RECIPROCATING ENGINE MANUFACTURERS AND

DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 180

RECIPROCATING ENGINE MANUFACTURERS ... 181

Caterpillar .. 181

TABLE 82 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CATERPILLAR . 181

Cummins Power Generation, Inc. . 182

Cummins Power Generation Americas .. 182

Cummins Brazil .. 182

Cummins Power Generation, Ltd. . 182

Cummins Power Generation Southeast Asia 182

TABLE 83 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CUMMINS POWER

GENERATION, INC. ... 183

Deutz AG 184

TABLE 84 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? DEUTZ AG 185

Dresser Waukesha . 185

TABLE 85 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? DRESSER WAUKESHA ... 186

Fairbanks Morse Engine ... 186

TABLE 86 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FAIRBANKS MORSE ENGINE ... 187

GE Energy/GE Jenbacher . 187

GE Jenbacher (North America) .. 188

TABLE 87 COMPANY OVERVIEW? GE JENBACHER ... 188

Generac Power Systems, Inc. 189

TABLE 88 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? GENERAC POWER SYSTEMS 190

Honda Power Equipment .. 190

TABLE 89 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? HONDA POWER EQUIPMENT ... 191

Kohler Power Systems ... 191

TABLE 90 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? KOHLER POWER SYSTEMS .. 192

Rolls Royce . 192

TABLE 91 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? ROLLS ROYCE . 193

Wärtsilä Corp. 193

Wärtsilä North America, Inc. . 193

Wartsila South Africa (Pty) Ltd. 193

Wartsila China, Ltd. ... 193

TABLE 92 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? WÄRTSILÄ 194

FUEL CELLS .. 194

TABLE 93 FUEL CELL SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS AND

DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 195

FUEL CELL MANUFACTURERS .. 195

Ballard Power Systems, Inc. . 195

TABLE 94 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? BALLARD .. 196

Cellkraft . 196

TABLE 95 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CELLKRAFT . 197

Electrochem, Inc. ... 197

TABLE 96 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? ELECTROCHEM, INC. 198

Fuel Cell Energy 198

TABLE 97 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FUEL CELL ENERGY .. 199

Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies Pte. Ltd. . 199

HFC Technologies (Shanghai) CO., Ltd. 199

TABLE 98 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? HORIZON FUEL CELL

TECHNOLOGIES 200

MTI MicroFuel Cells Inc. .. 200

TABLE 99 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? MTI MICRO FUEL CELLS .. 201

NexTech Materials, Ltd. 201

TABLE 100 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? NEXTECH MATERIALS 202

Nuvera Fuel Cells .. 202

Nuvera Fuel Cells Europe, S.r.L. ... 202

TABLE 101 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? NUVERA FUEL CELLS . 203

Plug Power, Inc .. 203

TABLE 102 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? PLUG POWER . 204

Powerzinc Electric, Inc. . 204

TABLE 103 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? POWERZINC ELECTRIC, INC. . 205

Siemens Energy . 205

Siemens S.A. de C.V. Power Generation 205

Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, Ltd. 206

Siemens Power Plant Automation, Ltd. . 206

TABLE 104 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SIEMENS ENERGY ... 207

UTC Power . 207

TABLE 105 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? UTC POWER ... 208

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (SOLAR PANELS) . 208

TABLE 106 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS AND

DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 208

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS .. 209

BP Solar . 209

TABLE 107 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? BP SOLAR ... 209

Conergy .. 210

Conergy USA ... 210

Conergy Renewable Energy Singapore Pte Ltd. 210

TABLE 108 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? CONERGY ... 211

First Solar, Inc. .. 211

First Solar Manufacturing GmbH .. 211

TABLE 109 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FIRST SOLAR, INC. ... 212

JA Solar Holdings .. 212

JA Solar USA, Inc. .. 212

TABLE 110 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? JA SOLAR HOLDINGS .. 213

Kyocera Group ... 213

Kyocera America . 213

Kyocera Solar, Inc. .. 214

TABLE 111 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? KYOCERA SOLAR, INC. 214

Q-Cells 214

Q-Cells North America ... 215

TABLE 112 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? Q-CELLS .. 215

Sharp Solar 215

TABLE 113 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SHARP SOLAR ... 216

Solar Edge .. 216

TABLE 114 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOLAR EDGE . 217

SolarWorld US ... 217

TABLE 115 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOLARWORLD AG . 218

SunPower Corp. . 218

TABLE 116 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SUNPOWER CORP. 219

Suntech Power ... 220

Suntech Asia/Pacific & China 220

TABLE 117 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SUNTECH-POWER 220

Yingli Green Energy Holding Co., Ltd. . 221

Yingli Green Energy Americas, Inc 221

TABLE 118 COMPANY OVERVIEW: YINGLI GREEN ENERGY ... 222

WIND TURBINES .. 222

TABLE 119 DG-SCALE WIND SYSTEMS MANUFACTURERS AND

DEVELOPERS WORLDWIDE 222

SMALL WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURERS 223

Aerogenesis Wind Energy . 223

TABLE 120 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? AEROGENESIS WIND ENERGY .. 223

Ampair Energy Limited 224

TABLE 121 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? AMPAIR ENERGY LIMITED . 224

Bergey Windpower Co. .. 225

TABLE 122 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? BERGEY WINDPOWER CO. .. 225

Fortis Wind Energy ... 226

Fortis Wind Energy USA 226

TABLE 123 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? FORTIS WIND ENERGY ... 226

Gazelle Wind Turbines/MKW Group 227

TABLE 124 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? GAZELLE WIND TURBINES 227

Southwest Windpower ... 228

Skystream Energy Europe GmbH .. 228

TABLE 125 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER. 229

Vergnet Groupe .. 229

TABLE 126 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? VERGNET GROUPE .. 230

Wind Energy Solutions .. 230

TABLE 127 COMPANY OVERVIEW ? WIND ENERGY SOLUTIONS

(WES) 231

CHAPTER SEVEN: MARKET ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS . 232

MICROTURBINES . 232

KEY DRIVERS . 232

GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 233

PROJECTED TRENDS 234

TABLE 128 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE MICROTURBINE MARKET

THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 235

FIGURE 1 PROJECTED MICROTURBINE SALES WORLDWIDE 2007-

2015 (UNITS) .. 236

SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 236

SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINES . 237

KEY DRIVERS . 237

GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 238

PROJECTED TRENDS 238

Projected Trends (Continued) ... 239

TABLE 129 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE SMALL COMBUSTION

TURBINE MARKET THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 240

FIGURE 2 PROJECTED SMALL COMBUSTION TURBINE SALES

WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (UNITS SHIPPED) 240

SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 241

SMALL HYDROPOWER 241

KEY DRIVERS . 241

Key Drivers (Continued) ... 242

GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 243

PROJECTED TRENDS 244

TABLE 130 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE SMALL HYDROPOWER

MARKET THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 245

FIGURE 3 PROJECTED SMALL HYDROPOWER SALES WORLDWIDE,

2007-2015 (NUMBER) 245

FIGURE 3 (CONTINUED) ... 246

SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 246

RECIPROCATING ENGINES ... 246

KEY DRIVERS . 246

Key Drivers (Continued) .. 247

GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 248

PROJECTED TRENDS 248

TABLE 131 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE RECIPROCATING ENGINE

MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 249

FIGURE 4 PROJECTED RECIPROCATING ENGINE SALES

WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (UNITS) .. 250

SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 250

FUEL CELLS .. 251

KEY DRIVERS . 251

GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 251

PROJECTED TRENDS 252

TABLE 132 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE STATIONARY FUEL CELL

MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 253

FIGURE 5 PROJECTED STATIONARY FUEL CELL SALES

WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (UNITS) .. 254

SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 254

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS . 255

KEY DRIVERS . 255

GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 256

PROJECTED TRENDS 257

TABLE 133 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE SOLAR PV MARKET,

THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 257

FIGURE 6 PROJECTED SOLAR PV MEGAWATTS SOLD

WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (THOUSAND UNITS) 258

SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 258

SMALL WIND TURBINES 259

KEY DRIVERS . 259

GROWTH POTENTIAL ... 260

PROJECTED TRENDS 260

TABLE 134 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE SMALL WIND TURBINES

MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 261

FIGURE 7 PROJECTED SMALL WIND TURBINES MEGAWATTS

SOLD WORLDWIDE, 2007-2015 (MEGAWATTS) ... 261

SATURATION AND OTHER MARKET CONSIDERATIONS .. 262

OVERVIEW OF THE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION MARKET ... 262

TABLE 135 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

MARKET, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) . 263

FUEL SOURCES AND ENERGY SECURITY .. 263

THE GREEN MOVEMENT ? CORPORATE AND PERSONAL

GREENING ... 263

THE GREEN MOVEMENT ?…(CONTINUED) 264

TABLE 136 GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST/SUPPORT FOR

DISTRIBUTED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES .. 265

APPENDICES 266

APPENDIX I ? UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS . 266

ELECTRICITY AND POWER . 266

APPENDIX II ? ABBREVIATIONS OF MEASUREMENTS ... 266

APPENDIX II ? (CONTINUED) . 267

REFERENCES .. 268

REFERENCES 268

REFERENCES (CONTINUED) .. 269

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