Reportlinker Adds Drug Delivery in Cancer - Technologies, Markets and Companies

NEW YORK, June 3 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Drug Delivery in Cancer - technologies, markets and companies

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0203541/Drug-Delivery-in-Cancer---technologies-markets-and-companies.html

Summary

Drug delivery remains a challenge in management of cancer. Approximately 12.5 million new cases of cancer are being diagnosed worldwide each year and considerable research is in progress for drug discovery for cancer. Cancer drug delivery is no longer simply wrapping up cancer drugs in a new formulations for different routes of delivery. The focus is on targeted cancer therapy. The newer approaches to cancer treatment not only supplement the conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy but also prevent damage to normal tissues and prevent drug resistance.

Innovative cancer therapies are based on current concepts of molecular biology of cancer. These include antiangiogenic agents, immunotherapy, bacterial agents, viral oncolysis, targeting of cyclic-dependent kinases and tyrosine kinase receptors, antisense approaches, gene therapy and combination of various methods. Important methods of immunotherapy in cancer involve use of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines and immunogene therapy.

Several innovative methods of drug delivery are used in cancer. These include use of microparticles as carriers of anticancer agents. These may be injected into the arterial circulation and guided to the tumor by magnetic field for targeted drug delivery. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) technology has been used to overcome some of the barriers to anticancer drug delivery. Encapsulating anticancer drugs in liposomes enables targeted drug delivery to tumor tissues and prevents damage to the normal surrounding tissues. Monoclonal antibodies can be used for the delivery of anticancer payloads such as radionucleotides, toxins and chemotherapeutic agents to the tumors.

Antisense oligonucleotides have been in clinical trials for cancer for some time now. RNAi has also been applied in oncology. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be targeted to tumors and one example is suppression of H-ras gene expression indicating the potential for application in therapy of ovarian cancer. Cancer gene therapy is a sophisticated form of drug delivery for cancer. Various technologies and companies developing them are described. Nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines are also described.

Drug delivery strategies vary according to the type and location of cancer. Role of drug delivery in the management of cancers of the brain, the bladder, the breast, the ovaries and the prostate are used as examples to illustrate different approaches both experimental and clinical. Biodegradable implants of carmustine are already used in the treatment of malignant brain tumors.

The market value of drug delivery technologies and the anticancer drugs are difficult to separate. Cancer market estimates from 2009-2019 are given according to organs involved and the types of cancer as well as according to technologies. Distribution of the into major regions is also described.

Profiles of 208 companies involved in developing innovative cancer therapies and methods of delivery are presented along with their 226 collaborations. The bibliography contains over 600 publications that are cited in the report. The report is supplemented with 57 tables and 8 figures.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

0. Executive Summary17

1. Introduction to cancer therapy19

Molecular biology of cancer19

The genesis of cancer19

Normal cell cycle and growth19

Oncogenes20

Tumor Suppressor Genes20

Role of microRNAs in cancer22

Role of Bub 1 gene in cell division22

Mechanism of DNA damage in Fanconi anemia leading to leukemia23

Accumulation of random mutations23

Chromosomal instability 23

Aneuploidy24

Telomeres and cancer24

DNA methylation and cancer25

Anticancer treatments based on RNA regulation of genes25

Hallmarks of cancer26

Self-sufficiency of tumor proliferation26

Apoptosis27

Therapeutic implications of apoptosis in cancer27

Autophag29

Induction of angiogenesis29

Acquisition of a potential for unlimited replication31

Invasion and metastases31

Cancer biomarkers32

Molecular imaging of cancer32

Cancer genomics32

Gene expression profiling in cancer33

Cancer proteomics33

Limitations of genomics and proteomics for understanding cancer34

Cancer microenvironment34

Epidemiology of cancer35

Current management of cancer35

Chemotherapy36

Limitations of cancer chemotherapy36

Radiotherapy36

Brachytherapy37

Surgery37

Basics of drug delivery in cancer37

Historical landmarks in cancer drug delivery37

2.Innovative treatments for cancer39

Introduction39

Selective estrogen receptor modulators40

Antiangiogenic strategies for cancer41

Development of antiangiogenic therapies41

Classification of antiangiogenic agents41

Examples of antiangiogenic agents43

Chemotherapy at lower than maximum tolerated dose43

Inhibitors of endothelial proliferation43

Inducers of apoptosis of endothelial cells of tumor vessels43

Lodamin44

Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors44

Monoclonal antibodies with vasculostatic properties45

PPAR? agonists46

Rapalogues as antiangiogenic agents46

VEGF Trap47

Agents that decrease the permeability of tumor blood vessels47

Antiangiogenic agents in clinical trials47

Combination of antiangiogenic with cytotoxic therapy48

Bacterial anticancer agents48

Tumor-targeted bacteria49

Genetically modified Salmonella typhimurium as anticancer agent49

TAPET (Tumor Amplified Protein Expression Therapy)49

Bacterial protein for targeted delivery of liposomal cancer drugs50

Killed but metabolically active (KBMA) bacteria50

Bacterial toxins targeted to tumors50

Immunotoxins50

Escherichia Coli toxins51

Engineered anthrax toxin51

Recombinant fusion toxins52

Type III secretion systems53

Induction of apoptosis in cancer by bacterial proteins54

Induction of immune response by bacteriolytic therapy54

Innovations in cell therapy for cancer54

Stem cell transplantation for cancer55

Cancer drug/gene delivery by mesenchymal stem cells55

Cancer immunotherapy56

Cytokines56

Cancer vaccines56

5T4 as a target for cancer immunotherapy57

Anti-telomerase vaccine58

Antigen-specific cancer vaccines58

Carcinoembryonic antigen-based vaccines59

Dendritic cells for cancer vaccination60

Hybrid cell vaccination61

Lymphocyte-based cancer therapies62

Tumor cell vaccines64

Vaccines that simultaneously target different cancer antigens65

Concluding remarks about cancer vaccines65

Cancer Vaccine Consortium65

Innovative methods of radiation delivery65

Image-guided ultrasound technology for delivery of radiation66

Respiratory gating technology for radiation therapy66

Positron therapy66

Boron neutron capture therapy67

Application of drug delivery systems to BNCP67

Use of nanotechnology to enhance BNCT67

Skeletal Targeted Radiotherapy68

Irreversible electroporation68

Methods to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR)69

P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR69

MDR-associated protein gene69

Strategies for overcoming MDR70

Blocking the action of P-glycoprotein70

Combination of targeted drugs with different specificities70

Enzyme Catalyzed Therapeutic Activation70

Inhibition of DNA repair71

Iron chelators that overcomes resistance to chemotherapeutics71

Liposome formulation of drugs72

Modification of the chemical structure of the anticancer drug72

Managing resistance to antiapoptotic action of anticancer agents72

Modulation of SPARC expression72

Nitric oxide inducers73

Proton pump inhibitors73

Repression of Prohibitin1 in drug-resistant cancer cells73

Targeted cancer therapies74

Targeting cellular pathways74

Targeting antigens in virus-associated cancer74

Targeting HAAH for cancer therapy75

Targeting mitochondrial membranes75

Targeting tumor lymphatics76

Targeting tyrosine kinase receptors77

Inhibitors of bcr-abl tyrosine kinase77

Inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases77

Inhibitors of ErbB tyrosine kinase77

Targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway78

Targeting caspase-879

Targeting oncogenes79

Targeting miRNA for cancer therapeutics80

Targeting the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway80

Targeted anticancer therapies based on the Rad51 promoter80

Targeting cancer stem cells81

Targeting glycoproteins81

Tagging cancer with sugars82

Anticancer agents based on glycobiology82

Targeting cell surface glycoproteins82

Biofusion for targeted cancer therapy83

Targeted drug delivery of anticancer agents with controlled activation83

Targeted delivery of anticancer agents with ReCODE™ technology84

Enhancing the effects of radiation and chemotherapy84

Sensitizing agents for chemotherapy84

Tesmilifene for chemosensitization84

CoFactor to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy84

Enzyme-enhanced chemotherapy85

Sensitizing agents for radiotherapy85

IPdR85

Manipulation of tumor oxygenation86

Hypoxia-based methods to enhance chemotherapy and radiotherapy86

Hyperbaric oxygen and radiation87

HIF-1 antagonists to enhance radiotherapy87

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs enhance tumor radiosensitivity87

ONCONASE as radiosensitivity enhancer88

Hyperthermia and chemotherapy/radiation therapy88

Techniques for hyperthermia88

Trimodality therapy: radiation, chemotherapy, and hyperthermia89

Photodynamic therapy89

Novel anticancer agents91

Anti-EphA2 antibodies91

Antioxidants91

Brostallicin92

Agents disrupting folate metabolism92

Pemetrexed92

Cell cycle inhibitors93

Cytotoxic ribonucleases93

DNA hypomethylating agents93

Histone-based cancer therapy94

Histone deacetylase inhibitors94

Modulation of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity95

Simulation of endogenous histone for anticancer therapy95

HSP90 inhibitors95

Ion channel blockers96

IOT-10196

Endovion96

LPAAT-beta inhibitors96

Modulation of pyruvate kinase M297

P13-kinase inhibitors97

PARP inhibitors97

Targeted destruction of BRCA2 deficient tumors by PARP inhibitors98

Prodrugs98

Enzyme-activated prodrugs98

Ascorbic acid as a prodrug for cancer99

Prolarix99

Protein kinase G activation99

Proteasome inhibitors100

Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3100

Second generation nucleosides101

Targeting topoisomerase IB101

Telomerase inhibitors101

Therapeutic strategies based on the P53 pathway102

Therapeutic strategies based on molecular mechanisms103

In vivo models for molecularly anticancer drugs103

Checkpoint activation as a strategy against cancer103

Deletion-specific targeting for cancer therapy104

Repair-blocking drugs for enhancing effect of chemotherapy104

Combining novel anticancer approaches104

Personalized therapy of cancer105

Challenges of cancer classification108

Design of future cancer therapies108

Personalized drug development in oncology109

Role of molecular imaging109

Role of molecular imaging in targeted cancer therapy110

Screening for personalized anticancer drugs110

Targeting pathways for personalized cancer therapy110

3.Drug delivery systems for cancer113

Introduction113

Routes of drug delivery in cancer113

Intravenous delivery systems for cancer therapy114

Intravenous versus oral ascorbate for treatment of cancer115

Subcutaneous injection of anticancer agents115

Oral delivery of anticancer agents115

Oral UFT116

5-FU combined with eniluracil116

Oral paclitaxel117

Oral fluoropyrimidines117

Oral satraplatin118

Oral PXD101118

ARRY-142886119

High dose pulse administration of calcitrol119

Oral gefitinib vs intravenous docetaxel119

Transdermal drug delivery119

Delivery of the photosensitizer drug ?-amino levulinic acid120

Transdermal delivery of the methotrexate120

Transdermal nitroglycerine for prostate cancer120

Transdermal delivery of peptide cancer vaccines121

Intradermal delivery of cancer vaccines by adenoviral vectors121

Pulmonary delivery of anticancer agents121

Regional intra-arterial delivery of chemotherapy122

Gas embolotherapy of tumors122

Drug delivery to lymph nodes123

Intraperitoneal macrophages as drug delivery vehicle123

Challenges of cancer drug delivery123

Tumor blood vessel pore barrier to drug delivery123

Improvement of drug transport in tumors124

Delivery of anticancer drugs to nuclear targets124

Innovative formulations for drug delivery in cancer125

Cancer targeting with polymeric drugs125

Linking anticancer drugs to polyglutamate126

Improving delivery of protein-polymer anticancer drugs126

Bacterial ghosts as drug delivery systems for anticancer drugs127

Microparticles as therapeutic delivery systems in cancer127

Subcutaneous injection of microspheres carrying anticancer drugs128

Intravascular delivery systems using microparticles128

Tumor embolization with drug-eluting beads129

Tumor embolization with radioactive microparticles129

Microparticles heated by magnetic field129

Magnetic targeted microparticle technology129

Release of drugs from micelles by ultrasound130

Release of drugs from biSphere by ultrasound130

Release of drugs from microcapsules by laser131

Chemoembolization131

Anticancer drugs bound to carbon particles131

Anticancer drugs bound to protein microspheres131

Nanoerythrosomes132

Micronized droplets of olive oil132

Nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery for cancer132

Nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery in cancer134

Anticancer drug particles incorporated in liposomes134

Encapsulating drugs in hydrogel nanoparticles135

Exosomes136

Folate-linked nanoparticles136

Lipid based nanocarriers136

Micelles for drug delivery in cancer137

Minicells for targeted delivery of nanoscale anticancer therapeutics138

Nanodiamonds for local delivery of chemotherapy at site of cancer138

Nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel139

Nanoparticles containing albumin and antisense oligonucleotides139

Non-aggregating nanoparticles140

Pegylated nanoliposomal formulation140

Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles140

Polypeptide-doxorubicin conjugated nanoparticles140

Protosphere nanoparticle technology141

Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of drugs into the cancer cells141

Antiangiogenic therapy using nanoparticles142

Carbon magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer143

Carbon nanotubes for targeted drug delivery to cancer cells143

DNA aptamer-micelle for targeted drug delivery in cancer144

Fullerenes for enhancing tumor targeting by antibodies144

Gold nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer144

Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle formulation for drug delivery145

Lipoprotein nanoparticles targeted to cancer-associated receptors146

Magnetic nanoparticles for remote-controlled drug delivery to tumors146

Nanobees for targeted delivery of cytolytic peptide melittin147

Nanocell for targeted drug delivery to tumor147

Nanodroplets for site-specific cancer treatment148

Nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery of peptides into tumors148

Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of MAPK signaling pathway149

Nanostructured hyaluronic acid for targeted drug delivery in cancer149

Phage nanoparticles as antibody-drug conjugates149

Polymer nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer149

Polymersomes for targeted cancer drug delivery150

Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates150

Dendrimers for anticancer drug delivery151

Application of dendrimers in boron neutron capture therapy152

Application of dendrimers in photodynamic therapy152

Dendrimer-based synthetic vector for targeted cancer gene therapy153

Devices for nanotechnology-based cancer therapy153

Convection-enhanced delivery with nanoliposomal CPT-11153

Nanocomposite devices153

Nanoengineered silicon for brachytherapy154

Nanoparticles combined with physical agents for tumor ablation154

Carbon nanotubes for laser-induced cancer destruction154

Nanoparticles and thermal ablation155

Nanoparticles combined with ultrasound radiation of tumors155

Nanoparticles as adjuncts to photodynamic therapy of cancer156

Nanoparticles for boron neutron capture therapy156

RNA nanotechnology for delivery of cancer therapeutics157

Nanocarriers for simultaneous delivery of multiple anticancer agents157

Combination of diagnostics and therapeutics for cancer157

Biomimetic nanoparticles targeted to tumors157

Dendrimer nanoparticles for targeting and imaging tumors158

Gold nanoparticle plus bombesin for imaging and therapy of cancer158

Gold nanorods for diagnosis plus photothermal therapy of cancer158

Magnetic nanoparticles for imaging as well as therapy of cancer159

Nanobialys for combining MRI with delivery of anticancer agents159

pHLIP nanotechnology for detection and targeted therapy of cancer160

Radiolabeled carbon nanotubes for tumor imaging and targeting160

Targeted therapy with magnetic nanomaterials guided by antibodies160

Ultrasonic tumor imaging and targeted chemotherapy by nanobubbles160

Polyethylene glycol technology161

Enzon's PEG technology161

Debiopharm's PEG biconjugate drug delivery platform161

Nektar PEGylation162

PEG Intron162

Single-chain antibody-binding protein technology163

Vesicular systems for drug delivery in cancer163

Liposomes for anticancer drug delivery163

Antibody-targeted liposomes for cancer therapy164

AlZA's Stealth liposomes164

Boron-containing liposomes165

DepoFoam technology165

Hyperthermia and liposomal drug delivery165

Liposomal doxorubicin formulation with N-octanoyl-glucosylceramide166

Liposome-nucleic acid complexes for anticancer drug delivery166

Non-pegilated liposomal doxorubicin166

Tumor-selective targeted drug delivery via folate-PEG liposomes167

Ultrasound-mediated anticancer drug release from liposomes167

Companies developing liposome-based anticancer drugs167

Pharmacosomes for controlled anticancer drug delivery168

Emulsion formulations of anticancer drugs169

Albumin-based drug carriers169

Anticancer drugs that bind to tumors170

Monoclonal antibodies170

Murine monoclonal antibodies170

Humanized MAbs170

Actions and uses of monoclonal antibodies in cancer171

Targeted antibody-based cancer therapy171

Antibody–cytokine fusion proteins171

Antibody J591 for targeted delivery of anticancer therapy172

Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen MAb172

Combining MAbs with anti-CD55 antibody172

MAbs targeted to alpha fetaprotein receptor173

MAbs targeted to tumor blood vessels173

MAbs targeted to HAAH173

MAbs for immune activation173

Delivery of cancer therapy with MAbs174

Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy175

Chemically programmed antibodies175

Combining diagnostics with therapeutics based on MAbs176

Radiolabeled antibodies176

Clinical development of MAbs for treatment of cancer177

Advantages and limitations of MAbs for cancer therapy182

Monoclonal T cell receptors183

Radioactive materials for diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer183

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy of cancer183

Radiolabeled somatostatin receptor antagonists184

Theophylline enhances radioiodide uptake by cancer184

Strategies for drug delivery in cancer184

Direct introduction of anticancer drugs into the tumor185

Injection into the tumor185

Antineoplastic drug implants into tumors186

Tumor necrosis therapy186

Injection into the arterial blood supply of cancer187

Electrochemotherapy188

Pressure-induced filtration of drugs across vessels to the tumor189

Improving drug transport to tumors189

Carbohydrate-enhanced chemotherapy189

Dextrans as macromolecular anticancer drug carriers189

In situ production of anticancer agents in tumors190

Targeted drug delivery in cancer190

Affibody molecules for targeted anticancer therapy191

Fatty acids as targeting vectors191

Genetic targeting of the kinase activity in cancer cells193

Heat-activated targeted drug delivery193

Novel transporters to target photosensitizers to cancer cell nuclei194

Photodynamic therapy of cancer194

Radionuclides delivered with receptor targeting technology195

Targeting ligands specific for cancer cells195

Targeting abnormal DNA in cancer cells195

Targeting using a bispecific antibody196

Targeted chemotherapy using transporters196

Targeted generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species196

Targeted delivery to receptors found in tumors197

Targeted delivery by tumor-activated prodrug therapy197

Targeting glutathione S-transferase199

Targeting tumors by exploiting leaky blood vessels199

Transmembrane Carrier Systems199

Transferrin-oligomers as targeting carriers in anticancer drug delivery200

Tumor targeting with peptides200

Ultrasound and microbubbles for targeted anticancer drug delivery200

Ultrasound for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics201

Vitamin B12 and folate for targeting cancer chemotherapy202

Drug delivery in relation to circadian rhythms203

Implants for systemic delivery of anticancer drugs204

Drug-eluting polymer implants204

Angiogenesis and drug delivery to tumors204

Antiangiogenesis strategies205

Targeting tumor endothelial cells205

Methods for overcoming limitations of antiangiogenesis approaches206

Vascular targeting agents206

Alpha-emitting antibodies for vascular targeting207

Angiolytic therapy207

Anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies as VTA207

ASA404208

Cadherin inhibitors208

Combretastatin A4 Prodrug209

Drugs to induce clotting in tumor vessels210

Selective permeation of the anticancer agent into the tumor210

Targeted delivery of tissue factor211

Vascular targeting agents versus antiangiogenesis agents211

ZD6126212

Delivery of proteins and peptides for cancer therapy212

CELLECTRA™ electroporation device213

Emisphere's eligen™ system213

Diatos Peptide Vector intra-cellular/intra-nuclear delivery technology213

Lytic peptides and cancer214

Modification of proteins and peptides with polymers214

Peptide-based targeting of cancer biomarkers for drug delivery215

Peptide-cytokine complexes as vascular targeting agents215

Peptide-polymer conjugates with radionuclides215

Transduction of proteins in vivo216

Tumor targeting by stable toxin (ST) peptides216

A computational approach to integration of drug delivery methods for cancer216

4.Delivery of Biological Therapies for Cancer219

Introduction219

Antisense therapy219

Basics of antisense approaches219

Antisense cancer therapy219

Mechanisms of anticancer effect of antisense oligonucleotides220

Selected antisense drugs in development for cancer220

Antisense targeted to ribonucleotide reductase220

Immune modulatory oligonucleotide221

Ribozyme therapy221

Antisense drug delivery issues222

Strategies to overcome delivery problems of antisense oligonucleotides222

Antisense delivery in microspheres222

Delivery of antisense using nanoparticles223

Delivery across the blood-brain barrier223

Delivery of ribozymes224

Iontophoretic delivery of oligonucleotides224

Liposomes-mediated oligonucleotide delivery224

Neugene? antisense drugs224

Oral delivery of oligonucleotides225

Peptide nucleic acid delivery225

Receptor-mediated endocytosis225

Delivery of ribozymes226

Combination of antisense and electrochemotherapy226

Aptamers for combined diagnosis and therapeutics of cancer227

Antisense compounds in clinical trials227

RNA interference228

Basics of RNAi228

Comparison of antisense and RNAi228

RNAi applications in oncology229

siRNA-based cancer immunotherapy230

Delivery of siRNA in cancer230

Delivery of siRNA by nanoparticles231

Delivery of siRNA by nanosize liposomes231

Lipid nanoparticles for delivery of anticancer siRNAs232

Polymer nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer siRNA232

Companies developing cancer therapies based on antisense and RNAi233

DNA interference234

Cancer gene therapy234

Basics of gene therapy234

Strategies for cancer gene therapy235

Gene transfer techniques as applied to cancer gene therapy236

Viral vectors236

Non-viral vectors237

A polymer approach to gene therapy for cancer237

Direct gene delivery to the tumor238

Injection into tumor238

Reversible electroporation239

Hematopoietic gene transfer240

Genetic modification of human hematopoietic stem cells240

Gene-based strategies for immunotherapy of cancer (immunogene therapy)241

Cytokine gene therapy241

Monoclonal antibody gene transfer244

Transfer and expression of intracellular adhesion-1 molecules245

Other gene-based techniques of immunotherapy of cancer245

Fas (Apo-1)245

Chemokines245

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I246

IGF (Insulin-Like Growth Factor)246

Inhibition of immunosuppressive function246

Delivery of toxic genes to tumor cells for eradication (molecular chemotherapy)246

Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy246

Combination of gene therapy with radiotherapy248

Multipronged therapy of cancer with microencapsulated cells248

Correction of genetic defects in cancer cells (mutation compensation)248

Targeted gene therapy for cancer249

Transcriptional targeting for cancer gene therapy249

Targeted epidermal growth factor-mediated DNA delivery250

Gene-based targeted drug delivery to tumors250

Targeting gene expression to hypoxic tumor cells250

Targeting gene expression by progression-elevated gene-3 promoter251

Targeted delivery of retroviral particles hitchhiking on T cells251

Targeting tumors with genetically modified T cells252

Targeting tumors by genetically engineered stem cells252

Tumor-targeted gene therapy by receptor-mediated endocytosis252

Targeted site-specific delivery of anticancer genes by nanoparticles253

Immunolipoplex for delivery of p53 gene253

Combination of electrogene and electrochemotherapy254

Virus-mediated oncolysis254

Targeted cancer treatments based on oncolytic viruses254

Oncolytic gene therapy254

Cytokine-induced killer cells for delivery of an oncolytic virus255

Facilitating oncolysis by targeting innate antiviral response by HDIs255

Oncolytic HSV255

Oncolytic adenoviruses256

Oncolytic Coxsackie virus A21258

Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus258

Oncolytic measles virus258

Oncolytic paramyxovirus259

Oncolytic reovirus259

Oncolytic vaccinia virus259

Cancer terminator virus259

Monitoring of viral-mediated oncolysis by PET260

Companies developing oncolytic viruses260

Bacteria as novel anticancer gene vectors261

Apoptotic approach to improve cancer gene therapy261

Concluding remarks on cancer gene therapy262

Cancer gene therapy companies263

Cell therapy for cancer265

Cellular immunotherapy for cancer266

Treatments for cancer by ex vivo mobilization of immune cells266

Granulocytes as anticancer agents267

Neutrophil granulocytes in antibody-based immunotherapy of cancer267

Use of hematopoietic stem cells for targeted cancer therapy267

Cancer vaccines268

Cell-based cancer vaccines268

Autologous tumor cell vaccines268

Vaccines that simultaneously target different cancer antigens269

Delivery systems for cell-based cancer vaccines269

Nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines270

DNA cancer vaccines270

Antiangiogenic DNA cancer vaccine271

Methods of delivery of DNA vaccines271

RNA vaccines272

Viral vector-based cancer vaccines272

Companies involved in nucleic acid-based vaccines272

Genetically modified cancer cells vaccines273

GVAX cancer vaccines274

Genetically modified dendritic cells274

Multipeptide-based cancer vaccines275

5.Delivery strategies according to cancer type and location277

Introduction277

Bladder cancer277

Intravesical drug delivery277

Intravesical agents combined with systemic chemotherapy277

Targeted anticancer therapy for bladder cancer278

Prodrug EOquin for bladder cancer278

Antisense treatment of bladder cancer279

Gene therapy for bladder cancer279

Brain tumors280

Methods for evaluation of anticancer drug penetration into brain tumor280

Innovative methods of drug delivery for glioblastoma multiforme280

Anticancer agents with increased penetration of BBB281

Nanoparticle delivery across the BBB for imaging and therapy of brain tumors282

Intranasal perillyl alcohol282

Combination of chemotherapy with radiotherapy283

Local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into the tumor283

Carmustine biodegradable polymer implants283

Fibrin glue implants containing anticancer drugs.284

Biodegradable microspheres containing 5-FU284

Magnetically controlled microspheres284

Convection-enhanced delivery284

Receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy284

Delivery of a modified diphtheria toxin conjugated to transferrin285

Convection-enhanced delivery with nanoliposomal CPT-11285

Monoclonal antibodies targeted to brain tumors286

Liposomes for drug delivery to brain tumors286

Use of nanoparticles for drug delivery in glioblastoma multiforme287

Lipid-coated microbubbles as a delivery vehicle for taxol287

Targeted antiangiogenic/apoptotic/cytotoxic therapies for brain tumors288

Multiple targeted drugs for brain tumors288

Introduction of the chemotherapeutic agent into the CSF pathways289

Intraventricular chemotherapy for meningeal cancer289

Intrathecal chemotherapy290

Increasing the permeability of blood-tumor barrier to anticancer drugs.290

BBB disruption290

Nanoparticle-based targeted delivery of chemotherapy across the BBB291

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor increases topotecan penetration into CNS291

Intraarterial chemotherapy292

Interstitial delivery of dexamethasone for reduction of peritumor edema293

Photodynamic therapy for chemosensitization of brain tumors293

Nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of brain tumors293

Innovative delivery of radiotherapy to brain tumors294

GliaSite Radiation Therapy System294

Boron neutron capture therapy for brain tumors294

Cell therapy for glioblastoma multiforme294

Mesenchymal stem cells to deliver treatment for gliomas294

Gene therapy for glioblastoma multiforme.295

Single-chain antibody-targeted adenoviral vectors296

Intravenous gene delivery with nanoparticles into brain tumors296

Neural stem cells for drug/gene delivery to brain tumors297

Peptides targeted to glial tumor cells297

Targeting normal brain cells with an AAV vector encoding interferon-?298

Treatment of medulloblastoma by suppressing genes in Shh pathway298

Antiangiogenic gene therapy298

Anticancer drug delivery by genetically engineered MSCs299

RNAi gene therapy of brain cancer299

Ligand-directed delivery of dsRNA molecules targeted to EGFR299

Virus-mediated oncolytic therapy of brain cancer300

Vaccination for glioblastoma multiforme302

Breast Cancer302

Combination targeted treatment stops breast cancer growth303

Therapies for breast cancer involving innovative methods of drug delivery303

Injectable biodegradable polymer delivery system for local chemotherapy303

MammoSite brachytherapy304

Monoclonal antibodies for breast cancer304

Breast cancer vaccines305

HER-2 DNA AutoVac? vaccine305

Recombinant adenoviral ErbB-2/neu vaccine306

Gene vaccine for breast cancer306

NeuVax307

Gene therapy for breast cancer307

Antisense therapy for breast cancer308

Inhibitors of growth factors FGF2 and VEGF308

Cancer of the cervix and the uterus308

Gene therapy for cervical cancer308

Delivery of chemoradiation therapy309

Cervical cancer vaccines309

Colorectal cancer309

Perifosine310

Hepatocellular carcinoma310

Leukemia311

Clofarabine312

Malignant melanoma312

Targeted therapies for melanoma312

Immunotherapy for malignant melanoma313

Gene therapy for malignant melanoma313

Neuroblastoma315

Genetically modified NSCs for treatment of neuroblastoma315

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma315

Pixantrone316

Non-small cell lung cancer316

Aerosol delivery of anticancer agents for lung cancer317

Aerosol gene delivery for lung cancer318

Intratumoral administration of anticancer drugs through a bronchoscope318

Ovarian cancer318

Innovative drug delivery for ovarian cancer318

Intraperitoneal delivery319

Gene Therapy for ovarian cancer319

Pancreatic cancer320

Targeted chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer321

Local anticancer drug delivery for pancreatic cancer321

Vaccine for pancreatic cancer321

Gene therapy for pancreatic cancer321

Adenovirus-mediated transfer of vasostatin gene322

Rexin-G? for targeted gene delivery in pancreatic cancer322

Targeted Expression of BikDD gene322

Prostate cancer322

PACLIMER Microspheres323

PRX302324

Brachytherapy for cancer of prostate324

Capridine-beta324

LHRH for prostate cancer325

LHRH analogs325

Histrelin implant325

Immunomodulatory drugs325

MAbs for prostate cancer325

Targeted therapies for prostate cancer326

Delivery of cisplatin to prostate cancer by nanoparticles326

Delivery of siRNAs to prostate cancer with aptamer-siRNA chimeras326

Delivery of siRNA for prostate cancer with metastases327

PSA-activated protoxin that kills prostate cancer327

Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates327

Targeting oncogene MDM2 in prostate cancer328

Vascular targeting of prostate cancer328

Gene therapy for cancer of prostate328

Experimental studies328

Nanoparticule-based gene therapy for prostate cancer329

Tumor suppressor gene therapy in prostate cancer329

Vaccines for prostate cancer329

Clinical trials330

Combined approaches330

Combined autovaccination and hyperthermia331

6.Cancer drug delivery markets333

Introduction333

Global markets for drug delivery333

Estimation of cancer drug delivery markets333

Methods used for market estimation333

Cancer epidemiology334

Cost of patient care in cancer335

Market forecasts 2009-2019336

Cancer drug market336

Markets for leukemia337

Markets for brain tumors337

Geographical distribution of cancer markets337

Factors affecting future cancer markets338

Market share according to cancer drug delivery technologies338

Antiangiogenesis therapies339

Antineoplastic drug implants for systemic administration339

Antisense therapy and RNAi339

Cancer vaccines340

Gene therapy340

Liposomes for anticancer drugs340

Monoclonal antibodies341

Strategic aspects of cancer drug delivery341

Unmet needs in cancer drug delivery341

Future prospects of cancer drug delivery342

Cancer drug delivery and pharmacogenomics342

Drug delivery for cancer in the postgenomic era343

Role of nanobiotechnology in development of cancer drug delivery markets343

Expansion of cancer drug delivery markets in developing countries343

Drivers for the development of drug delivery technologies in cancer343

7.References345

Tables

Table 1 1: Estimated new cases of cancer in the US at most involved organs ? 200835

Table 1 2: Historical landmarks in drug delivery for cancer37

Table 2 1: Innovative strategies against cancer39

Table 2 2: A classification of antiangiogenic therapies42

Table 2 3: Antiangiogenic agents in clinical trials47

Table 2 4:Approaches to cancer therapy based on bacteria4

To order this report:

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