Improving the Effect of HIV Drugs by Use of the Tat Vaccine

ROME, June 8, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- A phase II clinical trial conducted in South Africa has confirmed that the therapeutic Tat vaccine against HIV/AIDS  can effectively improve the response to antiretroviral drugs in people living with HIV. The results are published today in the peer-review open access Journal Retrovirology. The vaccine was developed at the National Institute of Health of Italy (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, or ISS) by the National AIDS Center (NAC) directed by Dr. Barbara Ensoli.

The trial, conducted at MeCRU, the Clinical Research Unit of the Sefako Makgatho University, enrolled 200 participants on antiretroviral treatment with undetectable levels of HIV in blood. The participants were randomly assigned to two "blinded" groups to receive three intradermal injections of 30 μg of the vaccine or placebo one month apart. After 48 weeks from vaccination, the codes were broken, and the vaccinated participants showed significant increases of CD4⁺ T cells over placebo. The gain of CD4⁺ T cells was particularly significant in participants with low CD4⁺ T cells at study entry. The vaccine acts by inducing protective antibodies capable of neutralizing the HIV Tat protein from different viral subtypes, including the A, B and C clades circulating in Asia, Europe, America and Africa. The Tat vaccine promises to improve the effectiveness of current treatments against HIV and the expectancy of life of people living with HIV worldwide.

The CD4⁺ T cells are pivotal players of the immune response against pathogens but are progressively lost during HIV infection, a condition leading to AIDS. Although antiretroviral treatment is very effective at suppressing virus replication, CD4⁺ T cells can remain low, particularly in people starting treatment late as still occurs in both developed and developing countries.

Dr. B. Ensoli, the inventor of the vaccine, explains that "The vaccine was developed to target the HIV protein "Tat", which is produced very early in the infection. Tat has a key role in viral replication and progression of the disease by weakening the immune system. By designing a vaccine that included a small amount of the Tat protein we were able to induce an immune response capable of improving the effects of HIV drugs."

This study confirms the results of a previous phase II trial with the Tat vaccine conducted in Italy on 155 patients treated with antiretrovirals (Ensoli F. et al, Retrovirology, 2015 – https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12977-015-0151-y),  showing induction of antibodies against Tat and restoration of CD4⁺ T cells. After three years from vaccination, the Italian study also showed a significant decrease of the "virus reservoir" in blood, a pool of "silent" virus, insensitive to antiretroviral drugs, and responsible for virus rebound upon therapy interruption or low "adherence" to treatment. A follow-up study is ongoing also in South Africa to confirm the decrease of the HIV reservoir seen in the Italian trial.

The trial in South Africa is part of a large cooperation program with the South African Department of Health and the Medical Research Council in the fight against HIV/AIDS, signed by the Governments of Italy and South Africa, and directed by Dr. B. Ensoli (Principal Investigator) and by Dr. P. Monini (head of operations in South Africa) in close collaboration with the South African counterparts. The program was funded by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was audited with recommendations for future sustainability of its achievements by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (https://open.unido.org/index.html#/projects/ZA/projects/100086).

Prof. Gualtiero Ricciardi, the new ISS President, underlines that "the Program represents an example of excellence that has effectively combined the translational clinical research with public health, and promoted innovation and international development."

The Italian and South African counterparts are now advocating moving to phase III studies toward vaccine registration with financial support from international organizations.

Press office contact:
Mirella Taranto
T: +39-06-49903298
Email: [email protected]

The Istituto Superiore di Sanità

The Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), also ISS, is an Italian public institution that, as the leading technical-scientific body of the Italian National Health Service (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale), performs research, trials, control, counseling, documentation and training for public health. The Institute is under the supervision of the Ministero della Salute (Ministry of Health). Home for some time to three Nobel price winners who conducted research within its walls, (Daniel Bovet, Ernst Boris Chain, Rita Levi Montalcini), ISS today is a body of approx. 2.000 scientists, technicians and office personnel in the heart of Rome's biomedical research and hospital area. 

The National AIDS Center (NAC)

The National AIDS Center was established at ISS in 2005. Its mission is fighting HIV/AIDS and associated diseases though the development of innovative vaccines and therapeutic approaches based on studies on HIV pathogenesis and its progression. The NAC carries out translational research programs, from basic research to clinical studies and has coordinates several national and international research programs. Its scientific and technological know-how, its leadership in national and international networks and its multiple cooperations with the Developing Countries and Humanitarian Agencies, makes the NAC a national and international reference in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

Contact:
Dr. Barbara Ensoli, Director
Email: [email protected]

Notes to editor:

1. Research article
   
   Barbara Ensoli, Maphoshane Nchabeleng, Fabrizio Ensoli, Antonella Tripiciano, Stefania Bellino, Orietta Picconi, Cecilia Sgadari, Olimpia Longo, Lara Tavoschi, Daniel Joffe, Aurelio Cafaro, Vittorio Francavilla, Sonia Moretti, Maria R Pavone Cossut, Barbara Collacchi, Angela Arancio, Giovanni Paniccia, Anna Casabianca, Mauro Magnani, Stefano Buttò, Elise Levendal, John Velaphi Ndimande, Bennett Asia, Yogan Pillay, Enrico Garaci, Paolo Monini and SMU-MeCRU study goup HIV-Tat immunization induces cross-clade neutralizing antibodies and CD4⁺ T-cell increases in antiretroviral-treated South African volunteers: a randomized phase II clinical trial
   
   Retrovirology 2016
   
   doi: 10.1186/s12977-016-0261-1

After embargo, article is available at journal website here: http://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12977-016-0261-1

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SOURCE Istituto Superiore di Sanita