High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems

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HVDC System Planning, Economic and Technology Issues, Market Drivers and Uncertainties, and Key Industry Players: Global Market Analysis and Forecasts

Like much of the electricity grid, high-voltage transmission systems in service today rely on many of the same technologies that existed at their conception over 100 years ago. In the last 20 years, however, transmission technologies have benefited from a new stage of innovation. Today over two-thirds of new large-scale transmission systems planned or under construction are high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. HVDC systems are an essential component of grid buildouts to meet the growth in demand for electricity. Around the world, HVDC is being relied upon to integrate large amounts of intermittent renewable energy capacity, as well as rapid capacity expansions of bulk power transmission to meet vibrant economic growth in the developing world.HVDC systems are, by nature, very capital intensive and in many world regions they are driven by government programs. In other regions, planned HVDC systems are at the mercy of capital availability and balkanized regulatory frameworks. These factors, combined with the uncertainties of the global economy, lead Pike Research to the conclusion that there is likely to be a significant gap between the planned level of investment in HVDC systems and the investment level that will actually happen. Pike Research's analysis indicates that while the planned cumulative investment in HVDC amounts to nearly $220 billion through 2020, there is an 80% probability that the actual range of investment during that period will only be between $110 and $120 billion.This Pike Research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global market opportunity for HVDC transmission systems. The study examines key market drivers and barriers by world region, policy and regulatory issues, economics of transmission system construction and operations, HVDC technology issues, profiles of key industry players, and a comprehensive database of HVDC systems planned and under construction. Market forecasts for HVDC systems and spending are provided through 2020, with segmentation by world region, including a probabilistic analysis of the likelihood of various investment levels during the forecast period.

Key Questions Addressed:

-What are the primary HVDC component and cable technologies and how are they being deployed?-What are the key drivers influencing this market?-What are the primary technology issues facing participants and how are they evolving?-What is a realistic forecast of systems that are likely to actually be constructed and how much of an investment does this group represent?

Who needs this report?

-Power generation companies-Transmission system operators-Transmission equipment vendors-Software developers-Government agencies-Investor community

1.1  High-Voltage Transmission Systems

1.1.1    High-Voltage Direct Current

1.2  HVDC Market Segments and Drivers

1.3  HVDC Market Challenges

1.4  HVDC Systems in Construction or Planned

1.5  HVDC System Market Forecasts

2.  Market Issues2.1  Electricity Transmission Markets2.2  High-Voltage Transmission2.2.1    Alternating Current and Direct Current Defined2.2.2    HVDC2.2.3    HVAC and HVDC Compared2.2.3.1    Operational Differences2.2.3.2    Economic Considerations2.2.4    HVDC and UHVDC2.2.5    HVDC Benefits Summary2.3  Global Demand Drivers2.3.1    Global HVDC Market Drivers2.3.1.1    Electricity Demand2.3.1.2    Energy Poverty2.3.1.3    Technology Advancements2.3.2    Regional HVDC Market Drivers2.3.2.1    North America2.3.2.2    Europe2.3.2.3    China and India2.3.2.4    Rest of World2.4  HVDC Market Challenges2.4.1    Land Use2.4.2    Capital2.4.3    Regulatory Policies2.4.3.1    United States2.4.3.2    Europe2.4.3.3    China2.4.3.4    India2.5  HVDC and the Smart Grid2.5.1    Efficient Infrastructure2.5.2    Intelligent Hardware and Controls

3.  Technology Issues

3.1  HVDC Technology Overview

3.1.1    Primary Components of HVDC Systems

3.1.2    Converter Technology

3.1.2.1    Current Sourced Converter

3.1.2.2    Voltage-Sourced Converter

3.1.3    Cables and Conductors

3.1.3.1    Mass Impregnated Submarine and Underground Cables

3.1.3.2    Extruded Submarine Cables

3.1.3.3    Overhead Conductors

3.2  HVDC System Configurations and Operating Modes

3.3  Submarine Interconnections

3.3.1    Undersea National Grid Interconnections

3.3.2    Connecting Wind Farms and Offshore Power Generation

3.3.3    Power Supply to Offshore Facilities

3.4  Technology Development

3.4.1    Converter Technology

3.4.2    HVDC Breakers

3.4.3    Superconductors

3.5  Installed System Cost Metrics

3.5.1    Hypothetical HVDC Line

3.5.1.1    Cost Parameters

3.5.1.2    Financing Assumptions

3.5.2    Comparison with HVAC Alternatives

4.  HVDC System Applications4.1  Connecting HVAC Grids4.2  Multi-Terminal Operations4.3  National and International Grid Buildouts4.3.1    North America4.3.1.1    United States4.3.1.2    Canada4.3.2    Europe4.3.3    China and India4.3.3.1    China4.3.3.2    India4.3.4    Rest of World4.4  Planned or Under Construction HVDC Lines: 2012-20204.4.1    North America4.4.2    Europe4.4.3    China and India4.4.4    Rest of World

5.  Key Industry Players

5.1  HVDC Electronic Components Suppliers

5.1.1    ABB

5.1.2    Alstom

5.1.3    AMSC

5.1.4    Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories

5.1.5    Siemens AG

5.2  Large Power Grid Operators

5.2.1    China Southern Power Grid (CSP)

5.2.2    Power Grid Corp. of India Ltd. (POWERGRID)

5.2.3    State Grid Corp. of China (SGCC)

5.2.4    Statnett

5.2.5    TenneT

5.2.6    Western Electricity Coordinating Council

5.3  Cable and Equipment Manufacturers

5.3.1    Borealis

5.3.2    General Cable Corp. (NSW)

5.3.3    LS Cable & System

5.3.4    Nexans

5.3.5    nkt cables

5.3.6    Prysmian

6.  Market Forecasts6.1  HVDC Systems Market Forecasts6.2  Global HVDC Systems Market6.2.1    Global HVDC Market by Region6.2.2    Global HVDC Converter Station Market6.2.2.1    Global Annual HVDC Converter Forecast6.2.2.2    Global Cumulative HVDC Converter Stations Forecast6.2.2.3    Global Cumulative HVDC Converter Station Market Forecast by Region6.2.2.4    Global Cumulative HVDC Converter Station Forecast by Technology6.3  HVDC Systems Market Forecast Reflecting Global Uncertainties6.3.1    Global Uncertainties6.3.1.1    Hypothetical Events – Political6.3.1.2    Hypothetical Events – Economic6.3.1.3    Hypothetical Events – Sociological6.3.1.4    Hypothetical Events – Technological6.3.2    HVDC Systems Global Market Probabilistic Forecast6.3.2.1    HVDC Systems Regional Market Probabilistic Forecast

7.  Company Directory

8.  Acronym and Abbreviation List

9.  Table of Contents

10.  Table of Charts and Figures

11.  Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending Probability Distribution, World Markets: 2012-2020

Economic Tradeoffs Quantified, HVAC and HVDC

Electricity Demand, World Markets: 2010-2020

Electricity Demand, North America and Europe vs. China and India: 2010-2020

Total Costs, Hypothetical HVDC System

Annual Spending, Planned HVDC Systems, World Markets: 2012-2020

Annual Spending, Planned HVDC Systems by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Systems by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

Share of HVDC Converter Station Component Costs

HVDC Converter Station Costs by Capacity

Annual Spending, Planned HVDC Converter Stations, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Converter Stations, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Converter Stations by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Converter Stations by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending by Probability, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending by Probability, North America: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending Probability Distribution, North America: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending by Probability, Europe: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending Probability Distribution, Europe: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending Probability, China and India: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending Probability Distribution, China and India: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending by Probability, Rest of World: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Spending Probability Distribution, Rest of World: 2012-2020

HVDC Systems Planned for Commissioning by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

Capacity Improvements, HVDC Classic Converter Technology: 1970-2010

HVAC and HVDC System Layouts, Midwest United States

Maximum Real Power Transfer, Subsea Cables

HVDC Overall Losses

Right-of-Way Benefits of HVDC Transmission

Economic Tradeoffs, HVAC and HVDC

Distribution of People Living Without Electricity

U.S. Electricity Reliability Councils

Regional Transmission Operators

EU 2050 Goals, Renewable Generation

Projected Share of Global Indicators, China

Simplified Synchrophasor Data System Schematic

Generic Converter Station Layout

Evolution of Converter Technology Capacity: 1970-2011

Chuxiong Converter Station

Shoreham HVDC Converter Station

Mass Impregnated Submarine Cables

HVDC XLPE Submarine and Underground Cables

HVDC System Configurations

2030 Offshore Grid Vision of European Wind Energy Association

Wind Turbine Cable Installation Schematic, Horns

Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm and Oil Platform

VSC Technology Advances

Multi-Terminal Operation with and without Circuit Breakers

Superconductor Wire Components

Superconductor Cables

TresAmigas Hub

PowerPipelines System, United States

Quebec-New England HVDC Interconnection

ANOVA Concept – U.S. National HVDC Backbone

Proposed Canadian Interconnections

EU Transmission Requirements: 2050

Friends of the Supergrid Concept

Medgrid Proposal

DESERTEC

The Mediterranean Ultra-Grid

Transmission Line Paths and Construction Plans in China

Indian HVDC Planned Corridors

Political, Economic, Sociological, and Technological Uncertainties

Economic Tradeoffs Quantified, HVAC and HVDC

Electricity Demand by Region, World Markets: 2010-2035

Current Converter Technology Capacity Limits by Vendor

Hypothetical HVDC Line Cost Elements

Project Financing Assumptions

Summary, Pro Forma Financial Statement

Costs per Unit Capacity and Energy: HVDC and HVAC Systems, 3,000 MW

Total Costs, Hypothetical HVDC System by Component

HVDC Lines, Planned or Under Construction, North America: 2012-2020

HVDC Lines, Planned or Under Construction, Europe: 2012-2020

HVDC Lines, Planned or Under Construction, China and India: 2012-2020

HVDC Lines, Planned or Under Construction, Rest of World: 2012-2020

Annual Spending, Planned HVDC Systems, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Systems, World Markets: 2012-2020

Annual Spending, Planned HVDC Systems by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Systems by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

Annual Spending, Planned HVDC Systems by Detailed Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

Share of HVDC Converter Station Component Costs

HVDC Converter Station Costs by Capacity

Annual Spending, Planned HVDC Converters, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Converters, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Converters by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative Spending, Planned HVDC Converters by Technology, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems by Probability, World Markets: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Distribution, World Markets: 2010-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems by Probability, North America: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Distribution, North America: 2010-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems by Probability, Europe: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Distribution, Europe: 2010-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems by Probability, China and India: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Distribution, China and India: 2010-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems by Probability, Rest of World: 2012-2020

Cumulative HVDC Systems Distribution, Rest of World: 2010-2020

To order this report:Electric power energy Industry: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission SystemsMore  Market Research ReportCheck our  Industry Analysis and Insights

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