Graphene: Technologies, Applications and Markets

NEW YORK, Oct. 9, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Graphene: Technologies, Applications and Markets

http://www.reportlinker.com/p0958106/Graphene-Technologies-Applications-and-Markets.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Advanced_Material

INTRODUCTION

In October 2010, two University of Manchester (U.K.) scientists, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in physics for their research on graphene. Graphene is a sheet of carbon one atom thick yet its strength, flexibility and electrical conductivity has opened up new horizons for high-energy particle physics research and electronic, optical and energy applications.Potential electronics applications of graphene include ultrasmall transistors, superdense data storage, touchscreens and wearable electronics. In the energy field, potential applications include ultracapacitors to store and transmit electrical power as well as highly efficient solar cells.Some researchers argue that the greatest potential for graphene lies in its ability to conduct light as well as electricity. They believe that graphene can improve the efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and aid in the production of next-generation devices like flexible touchscreens, photodetectors and ultrafast lasers.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This report is an updated version of an earlier BCC Research report published in 2012. Since that time, the graphene field has continued to develop rapidly, and BCC believes that an update that covers the most recent advances in graphene technologies and applications will be useful to readers.Graphene offers seemingly endless possibilities. However, intuition alone tells us that not all of these possibilities are likely to become reality. The goal of this report is to survey emerging graphene technologies and applications, identify those that are most likely to achieve significant commercial sales in the next five years to ten years and develop quantitative estimates of potential sales.The report's specific objectives support this broad goal. These objectives include identifying the graphene technologies and applications with the greatest commercial potential in the time frame of 2013 to 2023, identifying market drivers and evaluating obstacles to their successful commercialization, and projecting future sales.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report is intended especially for marketing executives, entrepreneurs, investors, venture capitalists and other readers with a need to know where the emerging graphene market is headed over the next five years to ten years. Although the report is organized around specific technologies, it is largely nontechnical in nature and coverage. That is, it is concerned less with theory and jargon than with what works, how much of what works the market is likely to purchase and at what price.The report has not been written specifically for scientists and technologists. However, the report's findings concerning the market for their work, including the availability of government and corporate research funding for different technologies and applications, should interest this audience as well.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

The report addresses emerging global markets for graphene, including the applications listed below:• Computing/data processing.• Data storage.• Communications.• Thermal management.• Displays.• Solar cells.• Sensing and imaging.• Capacitors.• Structural materials.• Miscellaneous other applications.

The study format includes and/or addresses the following major elements:

• Executive summary.

• Definitions.

• General properties of graphene.

• Historical milestones in the development of graphene.

• Emerging and developmental graphene technologies and applications that have the greatest commercial potential through 2023.

• Detailed market estimates and projections for each application and material during the period from 2013 to 2018.

• General assessment of expected market trends in the longer term (2018 to 2023).

• Companies that are producing or developing commercial graphene applications.

• Patent analysis.

INFORMATION SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY

Projecting the market for emerging technologies, whose commercial potential has not yet been proven, is a challenging task. Nowhere is this truer than in the graphene field, which may help to explain why many analysts focus on supply-side technology assessments.

However, BCC's objective in this report is to provide not just a technology assessment but also an initial assessment of the potential commercial market for graphene. To accomplish this objective, BCC used a multiphase approach to identify the graphene applications with the greatest commercial potential and to quantify the related markets.

In the first phase of the analysis, BCC identified a long list of potential graphene applications, including those that are still under development. In the second phase, BCC eliminated those applications that appear to have little likelihood of making it into commercial use in the next five years to ten years, based on a literature review and interviews with industry sources. The result of the second phase was a short list of graphene applications with the greatest commercial potential over the time period covered by this report.

The third phase focused on quantifying the potential market for each application on the resulting list and identifying the main prerequisites for commercial success. Phase three actually had two components:• The development of near-to-mid-term (2013 to 2018) projections. • The development of longer-term (2018 to 2023) projections.

The development of such long-term projections is a departure from the usual BCC report format, necessitated by the long time frame for commercialization of many of the technologies analyzed in this report. Obviously the projections for the years beyond 2018 are more tentative than the projections for 2013 to 2018.

The specific assumptions and approaches that BCC used to develop the projections (both near/mid-term and long-term) for each graphene application are documented in detail under the various applications addressed. This way, readers can see how the market estimates were developed and, if they so desire, test how changing the underlying assumptions would impact the final numbers.

One of the approaches used by BCC deserves special mention here. Particularly in the case of graphene applications that are still under development, BCC used the sales performance of non-graphene applications that share some of the same functions or other characteristics of the graphene application as a benchmark for assessing the latter's sales potential.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

Andrew McWilliams, the author of this report, is a partner in the Boston-based international technology and marketing consulting firm, 43rd Parallel LLC. He is the author of a number of other BCC Research market opportunity reports on advanced materials technologies, including the previous edition of this report. He is also the author of AVM067B – Metamaterials: Technologies and Global Markets; AVM066C – Superconductors: Technologies and Global Markets; AVM038E – Advanced Structural Carbon Products: Fibers, Foams & Composites; NAN017F – Nanostructured Materials: Electronic/Magnetic/Optoelectronic; AVM050B – Smart and Interactive Textiles; AVM015F – High-Performance Ceramic Coatings: Markets and Technologies; AVM025G – Diamond, Diamond-Like and CBN Films and Coating Products; NAN015F – Advanced Ceramics and Nanoceramic Powders; and NAN036B – Nanotechnology for Photonics: Global Markets.

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

This report provides:

• An overview of the global markets for graphene, with coverage of graphene technologies and applications.

• Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2012, estimates for 2013 and 2018 and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2023.

• Discussion of graphene technologies which are likely to achieve significant commercial sales in the next five to ten years and quantitative estimates of potential sales.

• Information specific to graphene technologies, largely nontechnical in nature.

• Findings concerning the market including the availability of government and corporate research funding for different technologies and applications.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2

INTENDED AUDIENCE 2

SCOPE AND FORMAT 3

INFORMATION SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY 3

ANALYST CREDENTIALS 4

RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 5

BCC ONLINE SERVICES 5

DISCLAIMER 5

CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED PRODUCTS THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 7

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED PRODUCTS 2012-2023

($ MILLIONS) 7

CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 10

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GRAPHENE 10

DEFINITION 10

HISTORY 10

OCCURRENCE AND PRODUCTION 11

Established Technologies 11

Scotch Tape Method 11

Epitaxial Method 12

Graphite Oxide Reduction Method 13

Experimental Approaches 13

Metal-Carbon Melt Method 13

Pyrolysis of Sodium Ethoxide Method 14

Production of Graphene from Carbon Nanotubes 14

Production of Graphene from Table Sugar 14

Dissolving Graphite in Chlorosulphonic Acid 14

"Molecular Wedge" Method 15

Radio Frequency Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition 15

Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition 15

Carbon Dioxide Reduction 15

Dry Ice-Based Production Processes 16

PROPERTIES 16

TABLE 1 GRAPHENE PROPERTIES 17

Electronic Properties 17

Chemical Properties 17

Thermal Properties 18

Mechanical Properties 18

Optical Properties 18

Other Properties 18

RELATED SUBSTANCES 19

Graphite 19

Graphene Oxide 19

Carbon Nanotubes 20

Fullerenes 20

GRAPHENE APPLICATIONS AND END USES 21

TABLE 2 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND END USES OF GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES 21

High-Performance Computing 22

Data Storage 22

Communications 22

Thermal Management 23

Photovoltaic Cells 23

Sensors 23

TERAHERTZ IMAGING EQUIPMENT 23

Displays 23

Capacitors 23

Structural Materials 24

Other Applications 24

MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION 24

Market Size and Growth Trends 24

FIGURE 1 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE, 2012-2023 ($ MILLIONS) 24

Applications 25

TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE BY APPLICATION THROUGH 2023 ($

MILLIONS) 25

FIGURE 2 GRAPHENE APPLICATION SEGMENTS, 2012-2023 (% OF TOTAL MARKET) 26

CHAPTER 4 RECENT PATENT ACTIVITY 29

GENERAL TRENDS 29

TRENDS OVER TIME 29

FIGURE 3 TREND IN NUMBER OF U.S. GRAPHENE PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, PRE

2003-2013 29

TECHNOLOGY TRENDS 30

FIGURE 4 U.S. PATENTS FOR GRAPHENE-BASIC AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

VERSUS TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATIONS TO AUGUST 6, 2013 (%) 30

FIGURE 5 U.S. PATENTS FOR GRAPHENE APPLICATIONS BY TYPE THROUGH

AUGUST 6, 2013 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) 30

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PORTFOLIOS 31

FIGURE 6 MAJOR GRAPHENE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PORTFOLIOS (NUMBER OF

U.S. PATENTS) 31

TYPES OF ENTITIES 33

FIGURE 7 U.S. GRAPHENE PATENT HOLDERS/ASSIGNEES BY TYPE OF ENTITY

THROUGH AUGUST 6, 2013 (% OF PATENTS ISSUED) 33

NATIONALITIES 33

FIGURE 8 U.S. GRAPHENE PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATION HOLDERS BY

NATIONALITY, AS OF AUGUST 6, 2013 (%/NUMBER OF PATENTS) 33

CHAPTER 5 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 36

SUMMARY 36

TECHNOLOGIES 36

TRANSISTORS 36

Graphene Switches 36

Quantum Confinement in Graphene Nanoribbons 37

Field-Induced Modification of Graphene Structure 37

Ballistic Transistors 37

Graphene Nanomesh 38

Graphene Barristor 38

Flexible Graphene Transistors 39

Other Types of Graphene Transistor 39

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 39

Graphene Interconnections 39

Graphene-based Integrated Circuits 40

Molecular Electronics 41

PRINTED ELECTRONICS 42

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 43

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 44

COMMERCIAL STATUS 44

MARKET 44

TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 45

FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES

2012-2023 ($ MILLIONS) 45

INTERCONNECTS 45

TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 46

PRINTED ELECTRONICS 46

CHAPTER 6 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DATA STORAGE APPLICATIONS 48

SUMMARY 48

TECHNOLOGIES 48

GRAPHENE SPIN VALVE 49

GRAPHENE NANOCABLE MEMORY DEVICE 49

GRAPHENE NANORIBBON MEMORY 49

GRAPHENE OXIDE-BASED MEMORY 49

HYBRID SILICON-GRAPHENE FLASH MEMORY 50

GRAPHENE-MOLYBDENITE FLASH MEMORY 50

TRANSPARENT MEMORY 51

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 51

HIGH DATA DENSITY 51

LARGE ON/OFF POWER RATIO 52

WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE 52

RADIATION RESISTANCE 52

COMMERCIAL STATUS 52

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 52

MARKET 53

TABLE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE MEMORY APPLICATIONS THROUGH 2023

($ MILLIONS) 53

CHAPTER 7 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS 55

SUMMARY 55

TECHNOLOGIES 55

HIGH-SPEED PHOTODETECTORS 55

AMPLIFIERS 55

FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS 56

FREQUENCY MIXERS 56

RECEIVERS 56

ANTENNAS 57

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 57

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 57

COMMERCIAL STATUS 57

MARKET 58

TABLE 6 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 58

CHAPTER 8 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS 60

SUMMARY 60

FIGURE 10 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS,

2012-2023 ($ MILLIONS) 60

TECHNOLOGIES 61

GRAPHENE NANOPLATELET THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS 61

MULTILAYER GRAPHENE HEAT SPREADERS AND HEAT SINKS 62

COPPER-GRAPHENE COMPOSITE HEAT SPREADER 62

GRAPHENE-GRAPHITE "QUILTS" 63

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 63

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 64

COMMERCIAL STATUS 64

MARKET 64

TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 64

HEAT SPREADERS 64

THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS 65

TABLE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS (TIMS)

CONTAINING GRAPHENE, THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 65

CHAPTER 9 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS 67

SUMMARY 67

FIGURE 11 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS

2012-2023 ($ MILLIONS) 67

TECHNOLOGIES 67

FLEXIBLE ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS 68

POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS BASED ON SOLUTION-PROCESSABLE

GRAPHENE AND POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE) 68

DYE-DOPED GRAPHITE/GRAPHENE SOLAR CELL 69

TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONYL-AMIDE (TFSA)-DOPED GRAPHENE SOLAR

CELLS 69

GRAPHENE OPV WITH IMPROVED GRAPHENE INTERFACE 70

GRAPHENE CATHODE-BASED ZNO NANOWIRE HYBRID SOLAR CELLS 70

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 70

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 71

COMMERCIAL STATUS 71

MARKET 72

TABLE 9 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 72

CHAPTER 10 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SENSOR APPLICATIONS 74

SUMMARY 74

FIGURE 12 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE-BASED SENSORS, 2012-2023 ($

MILLIONS) 74

TECHNOLOGIES 75

CHEMICAL AND GAS SENSORS 75

Electrochemical Sensors 75

Mass Sensors 75

Nanopore Sensors 76

Graphene Foam Sensors 76

Graphene Flake Sensors 77

Selective Gas Sensing with Pristine Graphene 77

RADIATION SENSORS 78

BIOSENSORS 78

DNA-Sensitized Graphene Vapor Sensors 78

IMAGE SENSORS 79

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 79

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 79

COMMERCIAL STATUS 80

MARKET 80

TABLE 10 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 80

IMAGE SENSORS 80

TABLE 11 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMAGE SENSING APPLICATIONS

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 81

OTHER SENSORS 81

TABLE 12 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR NON-IMAGE SENSING APPLICATIONS

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 81

CHAPTER 11 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR TERAHERTZ IMAGING APPLICATIONS 83

SUMMARY 83

TECHNOLOGIES 83

GRAPHENE FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS 83

GRAPHENE-BASED PLASMON AMPLIFIERS 84

GRAPHENE HYPERLENS 84

OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 85

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 85

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 85

POTENTIAL THZ IMAGING APPLICATIONS 86

COMMERCIAL STATUS 86

MARKET 87

TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED TERAHERTZ (THZ) IMAGING

TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 87

CHAPTER 12 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DISPLAY APPLICATIONS 89

SUMMARY 89

TECHNOLOGIES 89

ROLL-TO-ROLL PRODUCTION 89

SPRAY COATING 89

TRANSFER PRINTING 90

ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION 90

HYBRID GRAPHENE-CARBON NANOTUBE FILM 90

OTHER HYBRID GRAPHENE FILMS 91

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 91

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 92

COMMERCIAL STATUS 92

MARKET 92

TABLE 14 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DISPLAY APPLICATIONS THROUGH 2023

($ MILLIONS) 92

CHAPTER 13 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR CAPACITIVE APPLICATIONS 95

SUMMARY 95

FIGURE 13 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE CAPACITIVE APPLICATIONS 2012-2023 ($

MILLIONS) 95

TECHNOLOGIES 96

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 97

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 98

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 98

COMMERCIAL STATUS 98

MARKET 98

TABLE 15 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR CAPACITIVE APPLICATIONS THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 99

CHAPTER 14 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR STRUCTURAL MATERIAL APPLICATIONS 101

SUMMARY 101

FIGURE 14 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE-POLYMER COMPOSITES, 2012-2023 ($

MILLIONS) 101

TECHNOLOGIES 101

GRAPHENE-FILLED POLYMER COMPOSITES 102

Graphene-Polystyrene Composites 102

Other Graphene-Polymer Composites 102

TABLE 16 TYPES OF CARBON NANOTUBE AND FULLERENE COMPOSITES AND THEIR

PROPERTIES 103

Shape-Memory Polymers 103

GRAPHENE MATRIX COMPOSITES 104

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 104

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 105

COMMERCIAL STATUS 105

MARKET 106

TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-POLYMER COMPOSITES THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 106

CHAPTER 15 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS AND MARKETS 108

SUMMARY 108

TABLE 18 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS THROUGH 2023

($ MILLIONS) 108

HYDROGEN STORAGE 108

TECHNOLOGIES 108

Oxidized Graphene Sheets 109

Corrugated Graphene 109

Graphene Oxide-Carbon Nanotube Composite 110

Other Developments 110

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 111

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 111

COMMERCIAL STATUS 111

MARKET 111

TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE TANKS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS/%) 112

ANTIBACTERIALS 112

TECHNOLOGIES 112

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 113

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 113

COMMERCIAL STATUS 113

MARKET 114

TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATIONS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 114

FUEL CELLS AND BATTERIES 114

TECHNOLOGIES 115

Fuel Cells 115

Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Platinum Catalyst 115

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanoplatelet-Supported Catalyst 115

Graphene Catalyst 116

BATTERIES 116

Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes 116

Improved Lithium-Air Battery 117

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS 118

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 118

COMMERCIAL STATUS 118

MARKET 119

TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE APPLICATIONS IN FUEL CELLS AND

BATTERIES, THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 119

Fuel Cell Catalyst Support Materials 119

TABLE 22 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF PLATINUM CATALYST MATERIALS AND

NANOSTRUCTURED SUPPORT MATERIALS USED IN FUEL CELLS, THROUGH 2023 ($

MILLIONS)

120

TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE CATALYST SUPPORT MATERIALS

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 120

Battery Electrodes 120

MRI Contrast Agents 121

TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

CONTRAST AGENTS, THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 121

AUDIO SPEAKERS 121

TECHNOLOGY 121

PROPERTIES AND ADVANTAGES VERSUS ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS 122

APPLICATIONS AND END USES 122

COMMERCIAL STATUS 122

MARKET 122

TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE LOUDSPEAKER DIAPHRAGMS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 123

CHAPTER 16 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 125

NUMBER AND SIZE OF COMPANIES 125

FIGURE 15 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF COMPANIES WITH PRODUCTION OR

ACTIVE R &D ACTIVITIES IN GRAPHENE (NO. OF COMPANIES) 125

COMPANY PROFILES 126

ACS MATERIAL LLC 126

ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES 126

AIXTRON S.E. 126

ALLOTROPICA TECHNOLOGIES 127

ANGEWANDTE MIKRO- UND OPTOELEKTRONIK GMBH 127

ANGSTRON MATERIALS INC. 127

ASBURY CARBONS 128

BASF SE 128

CALIFORNIA LITHIUM BATTERY 128

CVD EQUIPMENT CORP. 129

DURHAM GRAPHENE SCIENCE 129

FOCUS GRAPHITE 129

GENERAL MOTORS CO. 130

GLOBAL FOUNDRIES INC. 130

GRAFEN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES 130

GRAFOID 130

GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD. 131

GRANPH NANOTECH, S.A. 131

GRAPHENE DEVICES LTD. 131

GRAPHENE ENERGY INC. 132

GRAPHENE FRONTIERS 132

GRAPHENE INDUSTRIES LTD. 133

GRAPHENE SQUARE, INC. 133

GRAPHENE SUPERMARKET 133

GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES 134

GRAPHENE WORKS INC. 134

GRAPHENEA 134

GRAPHENSIC AB 135

GRAPHITE ZERO 135

HARBIN MULAN FOREIGN ECONOMIC AND TRADE CO. 135

HAYDALE 136

HRL LABORATORIES LLC 136

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP. 136

NANOTEK INSTRUMENTS INC. 137

NINGBO MORSH TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. 137

NORTHERN GRAPHITE CORP. 138

QUANTUM MATERIALS CORP. 138

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO. LTD. 138

SINODE SYSTEMS 139

UNIDYM 139

VORBECK MATERIALS 139

XG SCIENCES INC. 140

XOLVE INC. 140

ZS GENETICS INC. 141

CHAPTER 17 APPENDIX: PATENTS 143

TABLE 26 U.S. PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH AUGUST 6, 2013 FOR

GRAPHENE-RELATED INVENTIONS 143

LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED PRODUCTS THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 7

TABLE 1 GRAPHENE PROPERTIES 17

TABLE 2 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND END USES OF GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES 21

TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE BY APPLICATION THROUGH 2023 ($

MILLIONS) 25

TABLE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 45

TABLE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE MEMORY APPLICATIONS THROUGH 2023

($ MILLIONS) 53

TABLE 6 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 58

TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 64

TABLE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS (TIMS)

CONTAINING GRAPHENE, THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 65

TABLE 9 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 72

TABLE 10 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SENSING APPLICATIONS THROUGH 2023

($ MILLIONS) 80

TABLE 11 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMAGE SENSING APPLICATIONS

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 81

TABLE 12 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR NON-IMAGE SENSING APPLICATIONS

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 81

TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED TERAHERTZ (THZ) IMAGING

TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 87

TABLE 14 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DISPLAY APPLICATIONS THROUGH 2023

($ MILLIONS) 92

TABLE 15 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR CAPACITIVE APPLICATIONS THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 99

TABLE 16 TYPES OF CARBON NANOTUBE AND FULLERENE COMPOSITES AND THEIR

PROPERTIES 103

TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-POLYMER COMPOSITES THROUGH 2023

($ MILLIONS) 106

TABLE 18 GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGIES FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS THROUGH 2023 ($

MILLIONS) 108

TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE TANKS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS/%) 112

TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATIONS,

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 114

TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE APPLICATIONS IN FUEL CELLS AND

BATTERIES, THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 119

TABLE 22 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF PLATINUM CATALYST MATERIALS AND

NANOSTRUCTURED SUPPORT MATERIALS USED IN FUEL CELLS, THROUGH 2023 ($

MILLIONS)

120

TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE CATALYST SUPPORT MATERIALS

THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 120

TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

CONTRAST AGENTS, THROUGH 2023 ($ MILLIONS) 121

TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE LOUDSPEAKER DIAPHRAGMS, THROUGH

2023 ($ MILLIONS) 123

TABLE 26 U.S. PATENTS ISSUED THROUGH AUGUST 6, 2013 FOR

GRAPHENE-RELATED INVENTIONS 143

LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE-BASED PRODUCTS 2012-2023

($ MILLIONS) 7

FIGURE 1 TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE, 2012-2023 ($ MILLIONS) 24

FIGURE 2 GRAPHENE APPLICATION SEGMENTS, 2012-2023 (% OF TOTAL MARKET) 26

FIGURE 3 TREND IN NUMBER OF U.S. GRAPHENE PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, PRE

2003-2013 29

FIGURE 4 U.S. PATENTS FOR GRAPHENE-BASIC AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

VERSUS TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATIONS TO AUGUST 6, 2013 (%) 30

FIGURE 5 U.S. PATENTS FOR GRAPHENE APPLICATIONS BY TYPE THROUGH AUGUST

6, 2013 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) 30

FIGURE 6 MAJOR GRAPHENE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PORTFOLIOS (NUMBER OF

U.S. PATENTS) 31

FIGURE 7 U.S. GRAPHENE PATENT HOLDERS/ASSIGNEES BY TYPE OF ENTITY

THROUGH AUGUST 6, 2013 (% OF PATENTS ISSUED) 33

FIGURE 8 U.S. GRAPHENE PATENT AND PATENT APPLICATION HOLDERS BY

NATIONALITY, AS OF AUGUST 6, 2013 (%/NUMBER OF PATENTS) 33

FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR GRAPHENE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES 2012-2023

($ MILLIONS) 45

FIGURE 10 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS,

2012-2023 ($ MILLIONS) 60

FIGURE 11 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS 2012-2023

($ MILLIONS) 67

FIGURE 12 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE-BASED SENSORS, 2012-2023 ($ MILLIONS) 74

FIGURE 13 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE CAPACITIVE APPLICATIONS 2012-2023 ($

MILLIONS) 95

FIGURE 14 GLOBAL SALES OF GRAPHENE-POLYMER COMPOSITES, 2012-2023 ($

MILLIONS) 101

FIGURE 15 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF COMPANIES WITH PRODUCTION OR

ACTIVE R &D ACTIVITIES IN GRAPHENE (NO. OF COMPANIES) 125

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Graphene: Technologies, Applications and Markets

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