Global D-Amino Acids Industry

NEW YORK, Nov. 9, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue:

Global D-Amino Acids Industry

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This report analyzes the worldwide markets for D-Amino Acids in US$ Million. The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin America. Annual estimates and forecasts are provided for the period 2009 through 2017. Also, a six-year historic analysis is provided for these markets. The report profiles 39 companies including many key and niche players such as AnaSpec, Inc., EVONIK Industries AG, Genzyme Corp., IRIS Biotech GmbH, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Kyowa Hakko Bio Co. Ltd., LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc., Shanghai Hanhong Chemical Co., Ltd., Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Sichuan Tongsheng Amino acid Co., Ltd., Sigma-Aldrich Co., TCI America, Tocris Bioscience, and Zhangjiagang Huachang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are mostly extracted from URL research and reported select online sources.

1. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS 1

Study Reliability and Reporting Limitations 1

Disclaimers 2

Data Interpretation & Reporting Level 3

Quantitative Techniques & Analytics 3

Product Definitions and Scope of Study 3

2. MARKET OVERVIEW 4

D-Amino Acids: A Promising Field with Potential Applications 4

D-Amino Acids: An Essential Raw Material for Pharmaceuticals

and Fine Chemicals Production 4

Current and Future Analysis 4

Pharmaceuticals - The Largest End-use Sector for D-Amino Acids 5

Growing Prominence of Artificial Amino Acids to Drive Market

Growth 5

Alanine Racemase Chiral Analogue (ARCA): A Breakthrough Chiral

Converting Agent for Amino Acids 6

Commercial Development of ARCA 6

Need for More Research in the D-Amino Acids Market 6

Genetic Engineering and Advances in Research Enable DAAO Use

in Multiple Arenas 7

3. STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF D-AMINO ACIDS 8

Amino Acids - Essential Building Blocks of Proteins 8

Amino Acids - A Historical Perspective 8

Essential Vs. Non-Essential Amino Acids 8

Different Amino Acids and their Biological Functions 9

Structure and Composition of Amino Acids 9

What do Amino Acids Do? 10

Key Functions of Amino Acids 10

What are L and D Amino Acids? 11

Introduction to D-amino Acids 11

Commercial Production of Natural Amino Acids 11

Fermentation Method (Microbial Process) 12

Enzymatic Method (Chemical Process) 12

Extraction Method 12

Commercial Production of D-Amino Acids 12

Fermentation Process is Not Applicable for Commercial

Production of D-Amino Acids 12

Alternative Methods of Enzymatic Preparation of D-Amino Acids 13

4. D-AMINO ACIDS: AN OVERVIEW OF PRESENT APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE

POTENTIAL 14

D-Amino Acids Applications in the Pharmaceutical Sector 14

Select D-Amino Acids and their Diverse Applications 14

Optically Pure D-Amino Acids and their Pharmaceutical

Applications 15

Optically Active Peptides and Neuropeptides Containing D-

phenylalanine 15

Overview of Select D-Amino Acids Used in Pharmaceutical

Applications 16

D-Arginine 16

D-Glutamine 16

D-Methionine, D-Leucine, D-Threonine, and D-Alanine 16

D-Methionine-Pyruvate Transaminase 16

D-Valine 16

D-Aspartic Acid 17

D-alpha-Aminoadipic acid (DAA) 17

D-Ornithine 17

(R)-6-Oxo-Pipecolic Acid 17

Poly-D-amino Acids 18

D-Amino Acids Used in Antibiotics Production 18

D-Amino Acids Use in Peptide Design 18

D-Amino Acids Applications in the Industrial Sector 18

D-Amino Acids in Foods 18

D-Amino Acids in Food Flavorants 19

D-Amino Acids in Artificial Sweeteners 19

D-Amino Acids in Deodorants 19

D-Amino-Acids in Insecticides 19

5. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN D-AMINO ACIDS ARENA 20

D-Amino Acids and DAAO in Immunology and Therapeutics 20

D-Amino Acids and their Role in Immunity 20

Potential Therapeutic Role of D-Amino Acid Oxidase In

Schizophrenia 20

Study on In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemical

Activity of DAAO: A Review 20

Study on Immunoreactivity and Immunohistochemical Activity

of d-Serine: A Review 21

DAAO in Leukocytes: Effective Treatment Against Certain

Microrganisms 22

D-Amino Acids in Biotechnology 22

Application of Biotechnology to Enable Use of D-amino acid

as N-source by Plants 22

D-Amino Acid Oxidase (DAO) Selectable Marker System 22

Biosensor for D-Amino Acids 23

DAAO: The Most Widely Studied D-Amino Acids Associated Enzyme 23

Occurrence and Distribution 24

Physiological Role of DAAO in Eukaryotes 24

Early Studies and Progress in DAAO in the Subsequent Decade 24

Advances in Genetic Engineering Fuelled DAAO Research 24

Research Unlocks the Potential for DAAO Use in Multiple Arenas 24

Research Findings for D-Amino Acids in Natural and Processed

Foods 25

Research Findings on Select D-Amino Acids Used in Diet (Data

is Based on Animal Studies) 25

Processed Foods: A Source of D-Amino Acids 26

What Induces the Formation of D-Amino Acids in Processed Foods? 26

What is the Impact? 26

Racemisation of Essential Amino Acids 26

D-Amino Acids in Milk and Milk Products 26

Occurrence of D-Amino Acids in Select Natural and Processed

Foods 27

Table 1: D-Aspartic Acid Content of Select Milk Products in

Comparison to Untreated Milk (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 28

Table 2: Comparison of Select Free Amino Acid Composition of

Raw Milk with Fermented Milk 28

Content of Select D-Amino Acids in Select Processed Foods 29

Table 3: Content of Select D-Amino Acids in Different

Varieties of Cheese (In milimol/100g): A Comparison (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 29

Table 4: Content of Select D-Amino Acids in Different

Varieties of Cheese (In %): A Comparison (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 30

Table 5: Percentage Content of Select D-Amino Acids in Bread

and Toast (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 30

Table 6: Percentage Content of Select D-Amino Acids in Soya

Bean Meal and Extruded Soya Bean Meal (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 31

Table 7: Percentage Content of Select D-Amino Acids in

Untreated Soya Protein and Soya Protein (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 31

Table 8: Percentage Content of Select D-Amino Acids in Raw

Meat and Ham Burger (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 32

Table 9: Percentage of Select D-Amino Acids in Raw Chicken

and Chicken Muscle (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 32

Table 10: Percentage Content of Select D-Amino Acids in Bacon

and Heat Treated Bacon (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 33

Table 11: Percentage Content of Select D-Amino Acids in

Casein and Heat Treated Casein (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 33

6. INNOVATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN D- AMINO ACIDS SPACE 34

Ajinomoto Develops AjiPhase and Corynex Amino Acid Synthesis

Technologies 34

Harvard University's Scientists Discover New Biofilm

Disrupting Bacteria 34

Aminologics Conclude Large Scale Pilot Tests of Two D-Amino

Acids with Novel ARCA Technology 34

Study Reveals that D-Amino Acids Amass in EMCs 35

Research Studies Suggests that Replacement of One L-Amino Acid

with Analogous D-enantiomer Results in High Therapeutic Index 35

7. RECENT INDUSTRY ACTIVITY 36

Evonik Industries to Establish DL-Methione Production Plant 36

Eurogentec Acquires AnaSpec 36

Gansu Ronghua Industry Group Adds New Production Line for

Glutamic Acid 36

Danisco Withdraws FDA Petition for Use of Alitame in Food 36

8. FOCUS ON SELECT KEY PLAYERS 37

AnaSpec, Inc. (US) 37

EVONIK Industries AG (Germany) 37

Genzyme Corp. (US) 37

IRIS Biotech GmbH (Germany) 37

Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd. (Japan) 38

Kyowa Hakko Bio Co. Ltd. (Japan) 38

LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. (US) 39

Shanghai Hanhong Chemical Co., Ltd. (China) 39

Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd. (JAPAN) 39

Sichuan Tongsheng Amino acid Co., Ltd, (China) 39

Sigma-Aldrich Co. (US) 40

TCI America (US) 40

Tocris Bioscience (US) 40

Zhangjiagang Huachang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China) 40

9. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE 41

Table 12: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

D-Amino Acids by Geographic Region - US, Canada Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin American Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in US$

Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 41

Table 13: World Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific,

Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003

through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 42

Table 14: World 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

Geographic Region - Percentage Share Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and

Latin American Markets for Years 2003, 2010 and 2017 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 43

Table 15: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Pharmaceutical Applications by Geographic Region - US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin America

Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 44

Table 16: World Historic Review for Pharmaceutical

Applications by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin America Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in US$

Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 45

Table 17: World 15-Year Perspective for Pharmaceutical

Applications by Geographic Region - Percentage Share Breakdown

of Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific,

Middle East, and Latin America Markets for Years 2003, 2010

and 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 46

Table 18: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Industrial Applications by Geographic Region - US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin America

Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 47

Table 19: World Historic Review for Industrial Applications by

Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific,

Middle East, and Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003

through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 48

Table 20: World 15-Year Perspective for Industrial

Applications by Geographic Region - Percentage Share Breakdown

of Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific,

Middle East, and Latin America Markets for Years 2003, 2010

and 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 49

Table 21: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Other Applications by Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin American Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in US$

Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 50

Table 22: World Historic Review for Other Applications by

Geographic Region - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific,

Middle East, and Latin American Markets Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003

through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 51

Table 23: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Applications by

Geographic Region - Percentage Share Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and

Latin American Markets for Years 2003, 2010 and 2017 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 52

10. THE UNITED STATES 53

A.Market Analysis 53

Current & Future Analysis 53

Strategic Corporate Developments 53

Focus on Select Major Players 54

B.Market Analytics 56

Table 24: The US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application - Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 56

Table 25: The US Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 57

Table 26: The US 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 57

11. CANADA 58

A.Market Analysis 58

Current & Future Analysis 58

B.Market Analytics 58

Table 27: Canadian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis

for D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application- Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 58

Table 28: Canadian Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 59

Table 29: Canadian 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 59

12. JAPAN 60

A.Market Analysis 60

Current & Future Analysis 60

Strategic Corporate Developments 60

Focus on Select Major Players 61

B.Market Analytics 62

Table 30: Japanese Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis

for D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application- Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 62

Table 31: Japanese Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 63

Table 32: Japanese 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 63

13. EUROPE 64

A.Market Analysis 64

Current & Future Analysis 64

Strategic Corporate Developments 64

Focus on Select Major Players 64

B.Market Analytics 66

Table 33: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis

for D-Amino Acids by Geographic Region - France, Germany,

Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in US$

Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 66

Table 34: European Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain,

Russia, and Rest of Europe Markets Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003

through 2008 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 67

Table 35: European 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

Geographic Region - Percentage Share Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest

of Europe Markets for Years 2003, 2010 and 2017 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 68

Table 36: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis

for D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application- Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 69

Table 37: European Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 70

Table 38: European 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 70

13a. FRANCE 71

A.Market Analysis 71

Current & Future Analysis 71

B.Market Analytics 71

Table 39: French Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application - Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 71

Table 40: French Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 72

Table 41: French 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 72

13b. GERMANY 73

A.Market Analysis 73

Current & Future Analysis 73

B.Market Analytics 73

Table 42: German Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application- Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 73

Table 43: German Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 74

Table 44: German 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 74

13c. ITALY 75

A.Market Analysis 75

Current & Future Analysis 75

B.Market Analytics 75

Table 45: Italian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application- Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 75

Table 46: Italian Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 76

Table 47: Italian 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 76

13d. THE UNITED KINGDOM 77

A.Market Analysis 77

Current & Future Analysis 77

B.Market Analytics 77

Table 48: The UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application- Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 77

Table 49: The UK Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 78

Table 50: The UK 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 78

13e. SPAIN 79

A.Market Analysis 79

Current & Future Analysis 79

B.Market Analytics 79

Table 51: Spanish Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application- Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 79

Table 52: Spanish Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 80

Table 53: Spanish 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 80

13f. RUSSIA 81

A.Market Analysis 81

Current & Future Analysis 81

B.Market Analytics 81

Table 54: Russian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application- Industrial,

Pharmaceutical and Other Applications Independently Analyzed

with Annual Revenue Figures in US$ Million for Years 2009

through 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 81

Table 55: Russian Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 82

Table 56: Russian 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications for

Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) 82

13g. REST OF EUROPE 83

A.Market Analysis 83

Current & Future Analysis 83

B.Market Analytics 83

Table 57: Rest of European Recent Past, Current & Future

Analysis for D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application-

Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications

Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in US$

Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 83

Table 58: Rest of European Historic Review for D-Amino Acids

by End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 84

Table 59: Rest of European 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino

Acids by End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 85

14. ASIA-PACIFIC 86

A.Market Analysis 86

Current & Future Analysis 86

China Dominates the Global D-Amino Acids Market 86

Strategic Corporate Development 86

Focus on Select Major Players 87

B.Market Analytics 88

Table 60: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future

Analysis for D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application-

Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications

Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in US$

Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 88

Table 61: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for D-Amino Acids by

End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 89

Table 62: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino Acids

by End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications

for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 90

15. MIDDLE EAST 91

A.Market Analysis 91

Current & Future Analysis 91

B.Market Analytics 91

Table 63: The Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future

Analysis for D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application-

Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications

Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in US$

Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 91

Table 64: The Middle East Historic Review for D-Amino Acids

by End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 92

Table 65: The Middle East 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino

Acids by End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 93

16. LATIN AMERICA 94

A.Market Analysis 94

Current & Future Analysis 94

B.Market Analytics 94

Table 66: Latin American Recent Past, Current & Future

Analysis for D-Amino Acids by End-Use Application-

Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other Applications

Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue Figures in US$

Million for Years 2009 through 2017 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) 94

Table 67: Latin American Historic Review for D-Amino Acids

by End-Use Application- Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications Independently Analyzed with Annual Revenue

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2003 through 2008 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 95

Table 68: Latin American 15-Year Perspective for D-Amino

Acids by End-Use Application - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Other

Applications for Years 2003, 2010 & 2017 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) 96

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

Total Companies Profiled: 39 (including Divisions/Subsidiaries - 42)

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Region/Country Players

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The United States 9

Japan 5

Europe 7

Germany 3

Rest of Europe 4

Asia-Pacific (Excluding Japan) 21

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