Enhanced Oil Recovery, 2nd Edition

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Enhanced Oil Recovery, 2nd Edition

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Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), also referred to as improved oil recovery or tertiary oil recovery, is most often achieved by injecting a liquid or gas into an oil reservoir, thereby lowering oil viscosity and increasing the amount of oil available for production. Some of the more common EOR methods include gas EOR (mostly CO-2 EOR), thermal EOR and chemical EOR. Microbial EOR and seismic EOR also hold small, but strong niches in the EOR market. While only about 10% - 30% of oil is typically extracted from a well by conventional oil production processes, EOR methods can enhance these recovery rates by an additional 5% to 20% (on a conservative average).

The global market for EOR, estimated at more than $126.02 billion in 2011, has shown exciting growth since 2007, when the market totaled $54.96 billion. Technological challenges, hazy regulations, and high implementation costs have often been inhibitory to EOR projects, although this is quickly changing. Government interest and generous investments are helping to spur new developments in technology and also to increase the availability of necessary materials (such as CO-2). SBI Energy expects the EOR industry will continue to flourish in light of these types of developments and that many individuals involved in the EOR business will enjoy exponential growth in the near future. A large number of oil fields around the globe are maturing and are producing less oil – those affected are looking to EOR to increase, or at least maintain, their oil production levels. Many countries rely heavily on oil production for their financial health, and are becoming increasingly willing to invest in EOR, especially as the group of successful EOR projects grows and as the high price of oil continues to support research and development schemes. Around the world, the EOR market is growing and metamorphosing to fit the various regions in which it resides. EOR market growth depends largely on regional factors, such as the health of the local economy; the level of foreign investment; existing politics and policies that may hinder or spur market growth; available technological knowledge and expertise; the type of oil being produced, the geographical location of oil fields and the geology of oil reservoirs; as well as regional oil supply and oil demand. A plethora of technologies and processes are emerging and becoming available that are fulfilling these regional niches and easing EOR production for many oil operators. Many regions are jumping, or at least easing, into the world of EOR. The Middle East previously did not have much of a need for EOR; oil was plentiful and lower oil prices did not encourage seemingly un-needed experimentation. This is quickly changing; however. Many oil fields in the Middle East are maturing and are producing less oil; other fields in the region are nearing their peak oil production limits and their operators are proactively looking to EOR to maintain steady production in the future. SBI Energy considers the Middle East will whole heartedly be immersing itself in the EOR scene by 2021, with the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Oman leading the way.The Global Market for Enhanced Oil Recovery, 2nd Edition contains comprehensive historical data (2007-2011) and forecast data (2012-2021) for the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) market. Data, in terms of value (dollars) and volume (barrels) are provided for various methods of EOR, including thermal EOR, gas EOR and chemical EOR. Historical and forecast data are also provided for the oil industry as a whole. Market share between the top dozen countries is discussed and is also broken down by value and volume for each individual country. This report identifies key trends and factors (such as the regulatory scene, new technologies, economic drivers, challenges and environmental concerns) affecting the size and direction of market growth; discusses employment opportunities in the industry; provides a broad overview of regional involvement in the EOR market; reports on some of the more current or innovative technological advancements and schemes; and contains 15 profiles of major – or simply interesting – companies involved in the EOR market.

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

Report Scope

Report Methodology

Introduction

Thermal Recovery

Gas/CO-2 EOR

Chemical Injection

'Other' Methods

Market Size and Growth

EOR Value Worldwide Exceeds $126 Billion in 2011

Figure 1-1 Total EOR Market Production Value Worldwide In Million Dollars

Figure 1-2 Total EOR Production Volume Worldwide In Million Barrels (2007 – 2011)

EOR Market Value Projected to catapult into 2021

Figure 1-3 Projected EOR Production Value Worldwide In Million Dollars (2011 – 2021)

Figure 1-4 Projected EOR Volume Worldwide In Barrels (2011 – 2021)

Gas/CO2 Injection EOR Holds its Own in EOR Market

Figure 1-5 Worldwide Gas/CO-2 EOR Production Value In Million Dollars (2007 – 2011)

Figure 1-6 Worldwide Gas/CO-2 EOR Production Volume In Million Barrels (2007 – 2011)

Gas/CO2 EOR Segment Nears 7.6 Billion Barrels in 2021

Figure 1-7 Worldwide Gas/CO-2 EOR Production Value Projections, In Million Dollars (2011 – 2021)

Figure 1-8 Worldwide Gas/CO-2 EOR Production Volume Projections, In Million Barrels (2011 – 2021)

China Dominates EOR

Figure 1-9 China's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 1-10 China's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

United States Holds its Own in EOR World

Figure 1-11 United States' EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Around the World

EOR around the World

North America

Factors in Market Size and Growth

Many Factors Affect Market Size and Growth

Global and Regional Economies Impact EOR Market Growth

EOR Market Guided by Sporadic Price of Oil

EOR Market Affects Global and National Economies

Potential for CO-2 EOR Sequestration Questionable

Technological Innovations and Schemes

EOR Industry Inundated with New Technologies

Solar Power Joins Forces with EOR

Acoustic Enhanced Oil Recovery Stimulates Production

Employment Opportunities

Wide Range of Jobs in EOR Market

423,000 Employed in EOR Market in 2011

Figure 1-12 Number of Employees in EOR Market (2007-2011)

Chapter 2: Introduction

Report Scope

Report Methodology

Data for Regional EOR Involvement by Method Elusive

Oil 101

Phases of Oil Production

Primary Recovery

Secondary Recovery

Tertiary Recovery, Also Known As Enhanced Oil Recovery

Methods of Enhanced Oil Recovery

Thermal Recovery

Gas/CO-2 EOR

Chemical Injection

'Other' Methods

The History of EOR

Chapter 3: Market Size and Growth

Total Oil Production Value Exceeded $2.6 Trillion in 2011

Figure 3-1 Total Value of Oil Production Worldwide In Trillion Dollars (2007 – 2011)

Figure 3-2 Total Volume of Oil Production Worldwide In Billion Barrels (2007 – 2011)

EOR Value Worldwide Exceeds $126 Billion in 2011

Figure 3-3 Total EOR Market Production Value Worldwide In Million Dollars

Figure 3-4 Total EOR Production Volume Worldwide In Million Barrels (2007 – 2011)

EOR Share of Total Oil Market Approximately 4.8% in 2011

Figure 3-5 EOR % Share of Total Oil Market In Dollar Value (2007)

Figure 3-6 EOR % Share of Total Oil Market In Dollar Value (2011)

Total Oil Production Value Projected to Continue Small Climb

Figure 3-7 Projected Total Oil Production Value Worldwide In Trillion Dollars (2011 – 2021)

Figure 3-8 Projected Total Oil Production Volume Worldwide In Barrels (2011 – 2021)

EOR Market Value Projected to catapult into 2021

Figure 3-9 Projected EOR Production Value Worldwide In Million Dollars (2011 – 2021)

Figure 3-10 Projected EOR Volume Worldwide In Barrels (2011 – 2021)

EOR Share of Total Oil Market Experiences Large Jump in 2021

Figure 3-11 EOR % Share of Total Oil Market In Dollar Value (2015)

Figure 3-12 EOR % Share of Total Oil Market In Dollar Value (2021)

Projected EOR Value in Three Oil Price Scenarios

Figure 3-13 Projected EOR Value, Based on Oil Price per Barrel Three Oil Price Scenarios (2011 – 2021)

Table 3-1 Projected EOR Market Production Value, Based on Oil Price per Barrel Three Scenarios (2011 – 2021)

Thermal EOR Exceeds $30.2 Million in Production Value in 2011

Figure 3-14 Worldwide Thermal EOR Production Value In Million Dollars (2007 – 2011)

Figure 3-15 Worldwide Thermal EOR Production Volume In Million Barrels (2007 – 2011)

Gas/CO2 Injection EOR Holds its Own in EOR Market

Figure 3-16 Worldwide Gas/CO-2 EOR Production Value In Million Dollars (2007 – 2011)

Figure 3-17 Worldwide Gas/CO-2 EOR Production Volume In Million Barrels (2007 – 2011)

Chemical Injection Valued at $27.7 Billion in 2011

Figure 3-18 Worldwide Chemical EOR Production Value In Million Dollars (2007 – 2011)

Figure 3-19 Worldwide Chemical EOR Production Volume In Million Barrels (2007 – 2011)

'Other' EOR Methods Complete Market Pie

Figure 3-20 Worldwide 'Other' EOR Production Value In Million Dollars (2007 – 2011)

Figure 3-21 Worldwide 'Other' EOR Production Volume In Million Barrels (2007 – 2011)

Thermal EOR Dominates Share of EOR Methods in 2021

Figure 3-22 Worldwide Thermal EOR Production Value Projections, In Million Dollars (2011 – 2021)

Figure 3-23 Worldwide Thermal EOR Production Volume Projections, In Million Barrels (2011 – 2021)

Gas/CO2 EOR Segment Nears 7.6 Billion Barrels in 2021

Figure 3-24 Worldwide Gas/CO-2 EOR Production Value Projections, In Million Dollars (2011 – 2021)

Figure 3-25 Worldwide Gas/CO-2 EOR Production Volume Projections, In Million Barrels (2011 – 2021)

Chemical EOR Tallies in at Nearly 3.4 Billion Barrels in 2021

Figure 3-26 Worldwide Chemical EOR Production Value Projections, In Million Dollars (2011 – 2021)

Figure 3-27 Worldwide Chemical EOR Production Volume Projections, In Million Barrels (2011 – 2021)

'Other' EOR Responsible for Almost 2.2 Billion Barrels in 2021

Figure 3-28 Worldwide Thermal EOR Production Value Projections, In Million Dollars (2011 – 2021)

Figure 3-29 Worldwide 'Other' EOR Production Volume Projections, In Million Barrels (2011 – 2021)

Three Main EOR Methods Hold Majority Share of Market

Figure 3-30 Worldwide EOR Market Value, % Share, by Method (2007)

Figure 3-31 Worldwide EOR Market Value, % Share, by Method (2011)

Figure 3-32 Worldwide EOR Market Value, % Share, by Method (2015)

Figure 3-33 Worldwide EOR Market Value, % Share, by Method (2021)

EOR Industry Distributed Unevenly Around the Globe

Figure 3-34 EOR Production Worldwide, % Share By Country, 2007

Figure 3-35 EOR Production Worldwide, % Share By Country, 2012

Figure 3-36 EOR Production Worldwide, % Share By Country, 2021

China Dominates EOR

Figure 3-37 China's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-38 China's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

United States Holds its Own in EOR World

Figure 3-39 United States' EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021) . 63

Figure 3-40 United States' EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021) . 64

Canada Doesn't Hold Back With EOR Ventures

Figure 3-41 Canada's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-42 Canada's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

Russia Enjoys Participation in EOR Schemes

Figure 3-43 Russia's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-44 Russia's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

Kuwait Has Handle on EOR

Figure 3-45 Kuwait's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-46 Kuwait's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

Oman is No Slacker in EOR Industry

Figure 3-47 Oman's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-48 Oman's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

Norway Sees Light in EOR

Figure 3-49 Norway's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-50 Norway's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

Mexico Has Stake in EOR

Figure 3-51 Mexico's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-52 Mexico's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

United Arab Emirates Ups Its Stake in EOR

Figure 3-53 United Arab Emirates' EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-54 United Arab Emirates' EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

Iran Plays EOR Field

Figure 3-55 Iran's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-56 Iran's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

Nigeria Banks on EOR

Figure 3-57 Nigeria's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-58 Nigeria's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

India Wades through EOR

Figure 3-59 India's EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-60 India's EOR Market In Million Barrels (2007-2021)

'Other' EOR Market No Ghost

Figure 3-61 'Other' EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Figure 3-62 'Other' EOR Market In Million Dollars (2007-2021)

Proven Oil Reserves Estimated at Nearly 1.5 Trillion Barrels

Figure 3-63 Potential EOR Recovery, Based on Proven Oil Reserves 2011-2021

Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Canada Boast Largest Oil Reserves

Table 3-2 Potential EOR Production Based on Proven Oil Reserves Top 20 Oil Producing Countries

Chapter 4: Around the World

EOR around the World

North America

EOR in North America

EOR Schemes in North America

Central and South America

EOR in Central and South America

EOR Schemes in Central and South America

Europe

EOR in Europe

EOR Schemes in Europe

Asia

EOR in Asia

EOR Schemes in Asia

The Middle East

EOR in the Middle East

EOR Schemes in the Middle East

Africa

EOR in Africa

EOR Schemes in Africa

Australia and the Oceania

EOR in Australia and the Oceania

EOR Schemes in Australia and the Oceania

Chapter 5: Factors in Market Size and Growth

Many Factors Affect Market Size and Growth

Market Variables

Global and Regional Economies Impact EOR Market Growth

EOR Market Guided by Sporadic Price of Oil

Peak Oil – Reality or Myth?

The Politics of Global Warming and EOR

Market Drivers

EOR Market Affects Global and National Economies

EOR Industry Sits Happily in Shadow of Giant Oil Market

Easy Oil Becoming Harder to Find

There is Still A Heck of A Lot of Oil Out There!

Increase in CO2 Pipelines Create Market Stability

Electric and Hybrid Cars May Not Be as Popular as Expected

Rise of BRICS Countries

Funding for EOR R&D Fueling Market Growth

Petroleum Products in High Demand

The Kyoto Protocol

United Nations Climate Change Conferences

OPEC Aims to Coordinate and Unify Policies among Countries

GHG Emissions Tackled through CO-2 EOR Schemes

Market Deterrents

Potential for CO-2 EOR Sequestration Questionable

Alternative Fuel Sources May Decrease Oil Demand…Some Day

Not All EOR Methods Suitable for All Oil Fields

Figure 5-1 Share of Global Oil Reserves By Density

EOR Not as Viable for Small Producers

EOR Still a Young Market with Much to Learn

Spills Do Happen

Tighter Regulations Not Helpful to EOR Market

EOR Regulations Still in Early Stages of Development

CO2 Leakage May Compromise Integrity of EOR Projects

Environmentalists Hard Set against Oil Production

The Future of EOR Bright, with a Few Dark Spots

Chapter 6: Technological Innovations and Schemes

EOR Industry Inundated with New Technologies

EOR Methods

Thermal Recovery

Gas/CO-2 EOR

Chemical Injection

Microbial EOR

Seismic EOR

WAG and SWAG

Enyzme EOR

Innovative Projects & Technological Schemes

Solar Power Joins Forces with EOR

Acoustic Enhanced Oil Recovery Stimulates Production

Emerson's Wireless System for EOR Gets Smart

Wintershall's Biopolymer Schizophyllan – Simply Fungus

Carbon Disulphide Dips into EOR

Oman's MEOR Formula Increases Oil Production by 23%

Ridgeline's Modular 'STCI' for Use in Polymer Flooding

Maersk's TriGen Power Generation Useful in EOR

Chevron Develops Computer Monitoring System for EOR

Enhanced Bitumen Recovery Using High Permeability Pathways

Optimal's E2EOR® Ideal for High Salinity, Heavy Oil Production

Paradigm Oil & Gas' Transportable EOR Platform

Dow Earns Patent for Surfactant Injection System

Fluid Dynamics™ Creates Polymer Blending System

Electric EOR Saves Electricity!

Nikron's Super Hot Steam Injection Heats up Market

VeruTEK®'s EOR Product Line Biodegradable

NiMin's CMD Technology Recovers Up to 60%

Saudi Aramco Creates Microscopic Robots for EOR Monitoring

Chapter 7: Employment Opportunities

Wide Range of Jobs in EOR Market

Increase in EOR Schemes Incites Job Growth

Many Experience Requirements and Salary Levels in EOR

423,000 Employed in EOR Market in 2011

Figure 7-1 Number of Employees in EOR Market (2007-2011)

About 1,786,827 Employed in EOR Market in 2021

Figure 7-2 Projected Number of Employees in EOR Market (2011-2021)

Job Openings Found on Employment Websites

Job Openings Found on Company Websites

Scholarships and Training

Chapter 8: Company Profiles

EOR Mostly Majors; Smaller Companies Easing In

Company Profiles

Cairn Energy Plc.

Table 8-1 Cairn Energy Plc. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

Cairn Uses EOR in Rajasthan Bloc

Chevron Corp.

Table 8-2 Chevron Corp. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

China Oilfield Technology Services Group, Ltd.

Table 8-3 China Oilfield Technology Services Group, Ltd. Profile

Corporate Overview & EOR Involvement

Financial Performance

Denbury Resources, Inc.

Table 8-4 Denbury Resources, Inc. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

Enhance Energy, Inc.

Table 8-6 Enhance Energy, Inc. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

Enhance at Helm of the Alberta Carbon Trunk Line

Exxon Mobil Corp.

Table 8-7 Exxon Mobil Corp. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

GlassPoint Solar, Inc.

Table 8-8 GlassPoint Solar, Inc. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

GlassPoint's Solar Steam Generator

Kinder Morgan, Inc.

Table 8-9 Kinder Morgan, Inc. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

Maersk Oil Co.

Table 8-10 Maersk Oil Co. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

Penn West Exploration

Table 8-11 Penn West Exploration Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Positioning

PetroChina Co., Ltd.

Table 8-12 PetroChina Co., Ltd. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas)

Table 8-13 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

Royal Dutch Shell Plc.

Table 8-14 Royal Dutch Shell Plc. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

Saudi Arabian Oil Co.

Table 8-15 Saudi Arabian Oil Co. Profile

Corporate Overview

Financial Performance

EOR Ventures

Appendix: Addresses of Selected Marketers

To order this report:: Enhanced Oil Recovery, 2nd Edition

Nicolas Bombourg
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