Asia - Fixed Telecommunications Infrastructure

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Aug 27, 2014, 06:21 ET

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Asia - Fixed Telecommunications Infrastructure

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Asia's booming mobile and broadband sectors are quietly underpinned by the region's all-important fixed infrastructure
The changing nature of the telecom market has had a major impact on the approach to investment in infrastructure. With shifting revenue patterns across the market segments and falling ARPUs on many services, operators became considerably more selective about what they actually invest in. Telecom operators throughout Asia have been adjusting investment levels on the back of carefully considered investment strategies. This has seen companies shifting business focus, looking for new ways to add value to existing revenue streams; it has also seen a strong desire to leverage new value from infrastructure that is already in place. This has especially been the case with mobile network moving increasingly to support mobile broadband services and newer generations of mobile technologies.

The governments of Asian nations have long recognised – some earlier than others – that there needed to be some encouragement of private sector investment to meet the demand for the all-important capital needed in the telecom sector. At the same time, it was also generally well recognised that this strategy could not rely on local investment alone, and would inevitably mean a substantial level of foreign investment. Of course, despite this recognition, there has inevitably been some resistance within some administrations to opening up the telecom sector to foreign investors and as a consequence the level of 'encouragement' across the region has been variable.

The initial round of substantial investment in telecom infrastructure in Asia was in fixed telephone networks. Over a number of decades the regional economies were progressively building their often quite substantial fixed-line national networks. These fixed networks were in time followed by the building of mobile networks. In many of the developing nations of the region, the building of fixed-line infrastructure was not far advanced before it was overwhelmed by the introduction of mobile infrastructure. This created the phenomenon of 'substitution' in many of the markets of Asia (where mobile services perform the function of the limited, or even non-existent, fixed telephone services.) Nevertheless, despite the unevenness in disposition, fixed infrastructure has been and continues to be an important component in the overall development of the region's telecom sector. Coming into 2014 there were an estimated 500 million fixed-line subscribers in Asia; this was down from a peak of around 570 million in 2009; of course, fixed-line numbers are considerably less than the more than 3 billion mobile subscribers to be found in the region. Whilst the fixed line numbers have gone into an overall decline, in some markets the numbers have continued to increase. Overall, it is anticipated that the decline will continue for a few more years before the market 'levels off.'

As already suggested, the focus of infrastructure building has been shifting. There has been a major push to upgrade domestic telecoms networks to Next Generation Networks (NGNs). This process has seen large scale investment by Asia's leading telecoms markets in new-generation IP-based telecommunications networks. At the same time there has been a major surge in infrastructure building as mostly developed economies roll out National Broadband Networks (NBNs). These networks come in various 'shapes and sizes' as governments work with operators to tackle the strategic challenge of delivering high speed to the nation. Not surprisingly the NBNs rely heavily upon fibre; in some cases it is Fibre to the Premises (FttP), while in others it might be Fibre to the Node (FttN). And the cost varies accordingly. Those countries that have government backing for NBN roll-out are generally the ones that have been setting the pace.

In addition to the national networks, international connectivity remains central to the overall effectiveness of the region's telecommunications services. Submarine cable routes criss-cross the Asia Pacific area, providing both intra-regional and inter-regional networks. This sector of the market has been characterised by widely fluctuating supply and demand, which in turn has seen somewhat erratic investment strategies. Submarine projects are subject to this boom and bust market phenomena, with planned projects commonly being delayed or abandoned, consortia being reshaped, etc. In fact, over-supply of capacity has been common in the Asian market. More recently investments have been less speculative and more focused on predicted growth. In the meantime, new submarine cable projects continue being proposed and the cables installed throughout the region. As Asia's broadband usage surged, a major effort went into managing the shortfall in capacity between Asia and the US. At the same time there has been a shift away from the heavy reliance on the US as a hub for data traffic and this has inevitably resulted in a further change in focus.

As the demand for wholesale services continues to rise in Asia, still driven in the short term by voice, but rapidly being overtaken by data, there has been a boom in IP-based services, with the volume of international Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) traffic into and out of Asia having increased at a rapid rate at the expense of the traditional International Direct Dial (IDD) traffic.
Data in this report is the latest available at the time of preparation and may not be for the current year
1. Statistical Overview
2. Afghanistan
2.1 Overview
2.1.1 Background
2.1.2 Post-2001
2.1.3 Fixed-line statistics
2.1.4 National network - background
2.1.5 Local Fixed Services Plan (LFSP)
2.1.6 Optical fibre backbone
2.1.7 Telecommunication Development Fund (TDF)
2.1.8 Satellite services
2.1.9 Satellite project
2.2 Infrastructure projects
2.2.1 Globecomm contracts
2.2.2 Noori Fiber Tech project
2.2.3 AWCC's microwave ring
3. Armenia
3.1 National
3.2 International
4. Azerbaijan
4.1 National telecom network
4.1.1 Next Generation Network (NGN)
4.2 International infrastructure
4.2.1 Azerbaijan's satellites
4.2.2 Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) cable network
4.2.3 Europe Persia Express Gateway (EPEG)
5. Bangladesh
5.1 National telecom network
5.1.1 Fibre optic networks
5.1.2 Grameen Telecom's Village Project
5.2 International infrastructure
5.2.1 International Gateways
5.2.2 Satellite networks
5.2.3 Submarine cable connectivity
6. Bhutan
6.1 National telecom network
6.1.1 Overview
6.1.2 Fixed-line statistics
6.1.3 Universal Service Fund (USF)
6.1.4 Rural communications programs
6.1.5 Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs)
6.1.6 E-Shabtog
6.1.7 National optical fibre network
6.1.8 Remote communities
6.2 International infrastructure
7. Brunei Darussalam
7.1 National telecom network
7.1.1 Public payphones
7.1.2 GSM payphones
7.1.3 Fibre-to-the-Home (FttH)
7.2 International infrastructure
7.2.1 Trans-Borneo Optical Cable Network
7.2.2 Submarine cable networks
7.2.3 Satellite networks
7.3 Infrastructure developments
7.3.1 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
7.3.2 Next Generation Networks (NGN)
8. Cambodia
8.1 National telecom network
8.2 Optical fibre networks
8.3 Mobile towers
8.4 Fixed-line operators
8.4.1 Telecom Cambodia
8.4.2 Viettel
8.4.3 Digi
8.5 International infrastructure
8.5.1 Greater Mekong Subregion Information Superhighway (GMS-IS)
8.5.2 Cambodian-Vietnamese Super Highway Telecoms Network
8.5.3 Proposed submarine cable
9. China
9.1 Infrastructure developments in China
9.2 International infrastructure
9.2.1 Terrestrial and submarine cable infrastructure
9.2.2 Satellite infrastructure
9.3 Smart grids
9.3.1 Electricity growth projections for China
9.3.2 Smart grids China investments
9.3.3 State Grid Corporation
10. Georgia
10.1 National telecom network
10.1.1 Wireless local loop (WLL)
10.2 International infrastructure
11. Hong Kong
11.1 National Infrastructure
11.1.1 Fixed-line and mobile phones
11.1.2 Fixed telecommunications services background
11.1.3 Digital 21 IT Strategy
11.2 FttB/FttH building registration scheme
11.3 International Infrastructure
11.3.1 Submarine cable networks
12. India
12.1 National infrastructure
12.1.1 Overview
12.1.2 Statistics
12.1.3 Background to network development
12.1.4 Infrastructure sharing
12.1.5 Rural and regional networks
12.1.6 Fibre optic cable projects
12.1.7 National optical fibre network
12.1.8 Wireless Local Loop (WLL) - background
12.2 Infrastructure developments
12.2.1 IP networks
12.2.2 Next Generation Networks (NGN)
12.3 International infrastructure
12.3.1 Background
12.3.2 Interconnect agreements
12.3.3 India-Pakistan
12.3.4 International service disruption
12.3.5 Submarine cable networks
12.3.6 Satellite communications
13. Indonesia
13.1 National infrastructure
13.1.1 Overview
13.1.2 Background to development
13.1.3 Fixed-line statistics
13.1.4 Infrastructure development
13.1.5 Joint operating service (KSO) ventures five-zone plan
13.1.6 Rural telephony
13.1.7 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
13.1.8 Telecom towers
13.2 International infrastructure
13.2.1 International gateway exchanges
13.2.2 Submarine cable networks
13.2.3 Satellite networks
14. Japan
14.1 Infrastructure developments in Japan
14.1.1 Overview
14.1.2 Stimulus package for ICT infrastructure
14.2 Fixed-network market
14.2.1 Market background
14.2.2 MYLINE Carrier Selection Service (CSS)
14.3 International infrastructure
14.3.1 Submarine cables
14.3.2 Satellite
14.4 Other infrastructure development
14.4.1 Data centres
14.4.2 Cloud computing
14.4.3 High-speed fibre
14.4.4 Smart grid
14.4.5 Earthquake damage: March 2011
14.4.6 Smart city project for Tsunami-effected cities in Japan
14.4.7 Solar power projects
14.4.8 Internet exchange points
15. Kazakhstan
15.1 National
15.1.1 Overview
15.1.2 IP-based services
15.1.3 Next Generation Network (NGN) development
15.1.4 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
15.2 International infrastructure
15.2.1 Trans Asia-Europe (TAE)
15.2.2 Satellite networks
15.2.3 KazSat satellite series
16. Kyrgyzstan
16.1 National telecom network
16.1.1 Overview
16.1.2 Fixed-line statistics
16.2 International infrastructure
16.2.1 Satellites
16.2.2 Optical fibre cable systems
17. Laos
17.1 National telecom network
17.1.1 Overview
17.1.2 Fixed-line statistics
17.1.3 Optical fibre network
17.2 International infrastructure
17.2.1 Terrestrial cable links
17.2.2 Asian Development Bank Backbone Telecommunications Network
17.2.3 Proposed satellite system
18. Macau
18.1 National Infrastructure
18.2 International Infrastructure
19. Malaysia
19.1 Overview
19.2 National telecom network development
19.2.1 Fixed-line networks
19.2.2 Sharing / leasing of infrastructure
19.2.3 Fibre optic backbones
19.2.4 Next Generation Networks (NGNs)
19.3 High-Speed Broadband (HSBB) network
19.3.1 Telekom Malaysia's HSBB project
19.3.2 Other HSBB proposals
19.4 International infrastructure
19.4.1 International gateways
19.4.2 Malaysia-Thailand
19.4.3 Submarine cable networks
19.4.4 Submarine system developments
19.4.5 Proposed submarine cable networks
19.4.6 Asia-Pacific Gateway (APG) cable
19.4.7 Satellite networks
19.5 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
20. Maldives
20.1 National telecom network
20.1.1 Domestic satellite service
20.2 International infrastructure
20.2.1 Satellite networks
20.2.2 Submarine cable networks
21. Mongolia
21.1 National telecom network
21.1.1 Rural services
21.2 Fixed-line statistics
21.3 Wireless local loop statistics
21.4 International infrastructure
21.5 Satellite program
21.6 Satellite band usage in Mongolia
21.7 Chronological data of ICT developments in Mongolia
22. Myanmar
22.1 National infrastructure
22.1.1 Background
22.1.2 Fixed-line statistics
22.1.3 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
22.1.4 National backbone network
22.2 International infrastructure
22.2.1 Overview
22.2.2 Satellite networks
23. Nepal
23.1 National telecom network
23.1.1 Overview
23.1.2 Nepal East West SDH project
23.2 International infrastructure
23.2.1 Overview
23.2.2 Proposed satellite
23.3 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
24. North Korea
24.1 National telecom network
24.1.1 North-South connections
24.2 International infrastructure
24.2.1 Satellite networks
24.3 Kwangmyongsong 3-2 Satellite
25. Pakistan
25.1 National telecom network
25.1.1 Overview
25.1.2 Fixed line statistics
25.1.3 Opening up of market
25.1.4 Rural services
25.1.5 Universal Service Fund (USF)
25.1.6 Mobile services
25.1.7 Fibre optic networks
25.1.8 Broadband networks
25.1.9 Payphones and Public Call Offices (PCOs)
25.1.10 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
25.1.11 Next Generation Networks (NGNs)
25.1.12 Backhaul
25.2 International infrastructure
25.2.1 International gateways
25.2.2 Pakistan-India link
25.2.3 Submarine cable networks
25.2.4 Satellite networks and systems
25.3 Infrastructure developments
25.3.1 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
26. Philippines
26.1 Philippines and Typhoon Haiyan (known locally as Typhoon Yolanda)
26.1.1 The Typhoon
26.1.2 Aftermath
26.2 Infrastructure Overview
26.3 National infrastructure
26.3.1 Overview
26.3.2 Fixed-line statistics
26.3.3 Globe Telecom's national fixed-line licence
26.4 Background: Service Area Scheme (SAS)
26.5 National fibre optic networks
26.5.1 Background
26.5.2 Developments 2012 / 2013
26.6 Next Generation Networks (NGNs)
26.6.1 PLDT
26.6.2 ETPI
26.7 International infrastructure
26.7.1 International gateways
26.7.2 Submarine cable networks
26.7.3 Satellite systems
26.8 Infrastructure developments
26.8.1 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
26.8.2 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
26.8.3 Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) services
27. Singapore
27.1 National telecom network
27.1.1 Overview
27.1.2 Fixed-mobile convergence (FMC)
27.2 Next Generation National Infocomm Infrastructure (Next Gen NII)
27.3 International infrastructure
27.3.1 Submarine cable networks
27.3.2 Submarine cable systems under construction
27.3.3 Flag Telecom
27.3.4 Satellite networks
27.4 Infrastructure developments
27.4.1 International services
27.4.2 IP networks
28. South Korea
28.1 National submarine cable infrastructure
28.2 International submarine cable infrastructure
28.3 Satellite infrastructure
28.4 Internet infrastructure
28.4.1 Internet eXchange (IX)
28.4.2 South Korea registered domains
28.4.3 IPv6
28.4.4 South Korea international internet bandwidth
28.5 Smart grids
28.5.1 Smart grid: new laws
28.5.2 Smart grid stages: 2010 - 2030
28.5.3 Five smart grid implementation areas
28.5.4 Jeju Island
28.6 Smart cities
28.6.1 New Songdo City
28.6.2 Busan
29. Sri Lanka
29.1 Overview
29.2 National telecom network
29.3 Fixed-line statistics
29.4 Infrastructure development
29.4.1 STL's role
29.4.2 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
29.4.3 Fibre optic networks
29.4.4 National Backbone Network (NBN)
29.4.5 Payphones
29.4.6 Numbering plan
29.4.7 Internet Protocol (IP) networks
29.5 International infrastructure
30. Taiwan
30.1 Market overview
30.2 Fixed network operators' market share
30.3 Submarine cable networks
30.4 Satellite networks
31. Tajikistan
31.1 National and international
31.2 Infrastructure developments
31.2.1 Next Generation Networks (NGNs)
32. Thailand
32.1 National telecom network
32.1.1 Overview
32.2 Fixed-line network
32.2.1 Background
32.2.2 Statistics
32.2.3 Public payphones
32.3 Next Generation Network (NGN)
32.4 International infrastructure
32.4.1 Overview
32.4.2 Submarine cable networks
32.4.3 Submarine cable systems under construction or proposed
32.4.4 Satellite networks
33. Timor Leste
33.1 National infrastructure
33.2 International infrastructure
33.2.1 Satellite networks
33.2.2 Submarine cable
34. Turkmenistan
34.1 National and international
34.1.1 Fibre optic networks
35. Uzbekistan
35.1 National telecom network
35.1.1 Fibre optic cables
35.2 Satellite communications
36. Vietnam
36.1 National telecom network
36.1.1 Overview
36.1.2 Background to development
36.1.3 Payphones
36.1.4 Next Generation Networks (NGNs)
36.1.5 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
36.2 National infrastructure projects and equitisation
36.2.1 SK Telecom
36.3 International infrastructure
36.3.1 Background to development
36.3.2 Submarine cable networks
36.3.3 Satellite networks
Table 1 Fixed-line subscribers in Asia by country 2009 2014
Table 2 Fixed-line penetration in Asia by country 2009 2014
Table 3 Top fifteen countries in Asia by fixed-line subscription numbers 2009 2014
Table 4 Top fifteen countries in Asia by fixed-line penetration 2009 2014
Table 5 Afghanistan Historical - Fixed-line subscribers and teledensity 1994; 2000 - 2004
Table 6 Afghanistan Fixed-line subscribers and teledensity 2005 - 2013
Table 7 Afghanistan Fixed wireless (WLL) subscribers 2011 - 2012
Table 8 Afghanistan Fixed-line subscribers wireline and wireless - 2012
Table 9 Armenia Historical - Fixed lines in service, annual change and teledensity 1991 - 2004
Table 10 Armenia Fixed lines in service, annual change and teledensity 2005 - 2013
Table 11 Azerbaijan Historical - Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity 1995 - 2004
Table 12 Azerbaijan Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity 2005 - 2012
Table 13 Bangladesh Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 14 Bangladesh optical fibre network - 2011
Table 15 Village Phones in Bangladesh 1998 2007; 2010 - 2011
Table 16 Bhutan Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 17 Brunei Fixed line subscribers and penetration rate 1990; 1995; 2000 - 2013
Table 18 Cambodia Fixed lines in service and penetration 1995 - 2013
Table 19 China main indicators of telecommunications capacity June 2013
Table 20 Georgia Fixed lines in service, annual change and penetration 1995 - 2013
Table 21 Georgia Fixed subscribers by technology type March 2012
Table 22 Hong Kong Fixed line versus mobile subscriptions and penetration rates 1998 - 2014
Table 23 Hong Kong Fixed-line telephony subscribers 2000 2013
Table 24 Hong Kong External fixed-line telephone traffic volume in minutes 1997 2012
Table 25 Hong Kong IP telephony subscribers 2007 - 2013
Table 26 Hong Kong Digital 21 Strategy key indicators April 2013
Table 27 External telecommunications facilities capacity of Hong Kong 2000 - 2013
Table 28 India Fixed-line subscribers and teledensity 2005 - 2013
Table 29 India Fixed-line subscribers and teledensity (historical) 1995 - 2005
Table 30 India Growth of VPT scheme 2001 - 2012
Table 31 India PCOs in operation 2003 - 2012
Table 32 India PCOs in operation and market share by operator 2012
Table 33 India Fixed WLL subscribers (historical) 2004 - 2006
Table 34 Indonesia Fixed-line subscribers, annual change and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 35 Indonesia Fixed lines subscribers and annual change by operator March 2013
Table 36 Indonesia Fixed wireless v. wireline subscribers March 2013
Table 37 Indonesia Planned five-year USO deployment of lines for villages 2006 - 2010
Table 38 Indonesia Fixed-wireless (WLL) subscribers 2003; 2007 - 2013
Table 39 Indonesia Fixed-wireless (WLL) subscribers by operator March 2013
Table 40 Indonesia PT Telkom's fixed wireless subscribers 2003 - 2013
Table 41 Indonesia PT Telkom fixed-line wireless subscribers - prepaid v. postpaid 2012
Table 42 Indonesia PT Telkom fixed-line subscribers - wireless v. wireline 2012
Table 43 Japan MYLINE subscribers 2002 - 2014
Table 44 Japan MYLINE operator market share February 2012
Table 45 Japan MYLINE operator market share December 2013
Table 46 Japan International internet bandwidth 1995 - 2013
Table 47 Selected cloud computing investments in Asia
Table 48 Cloud computing services market in Japan forecasts 2010 - 2015
Table 49 Kazakhstan Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1995 2013
Table 50 Kazakhstan Fixed-line subscribers in urban areas 2009 2013
Table 51 Kyrgyzstan Fixed lines in service, annual change and teledensity 1991 - 2013
Table 52 Laos Fixed lines in service 1995 - 2013
Table 53 Laos WLL (fixed) subscribers 2004 - 2012
Table 54 Laos Fibre network by operator 2012
Table 55 Macau Fixed-lines and teledensity 1985 - 2014
Table 56 Macau Fixed-line subscribers residential v. business December 2013
Table 57 Malaysia Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 58 Malaysia Fixed-line household penetration rate 2000 - 2013
Table 59 Maldives Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 60 Maldives Fixed-line subscribers by region February 2013
Table 61 Mongolia Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1990, 1995 2013
Table 62 Mongolia Local fixed-line telephone traffic 1997 2009
Table 63 Mongolia Wireless local loop (WLL) lines in service 2003 2011
Table 64 Mongolia L and S band usage July 2012
Table 65 Mongolia C band usage July 2012
Table 66 Mongolia Ku band usage July 2012
Table 67 Myanmar Fixed-line subscribers, penetration and annual change 1988, 1990, 1995 - 2013
Table 68 Nepal Fixed-lines in service and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 69 Nepal Fixed WLL subscribers 2006; 2008 - 2013
Table 70 Nepal Fixed-line subscribers wireline and WLL 2010 - 2013
Table 71 North Korea Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1990; 2000; 2005; 2010
Table 72 Pakistan Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1991 - 2014
Table 73 Pakistan Fixed wireline subscribers 2004 - 2013
Table 74 Pakistan Fixed wireline v. fixed wireless (WLL) subscribers 2004 - 2013
Table 75 Pakistan Fixed wireline subscribers by operator and market share June 2012
Table 76 Pakistan Growth in Public Call Offices (PCOs) 1999 - 2009
Table 77 Pakistan WLL subscribers 2005 - 2013
Table 78 Pakistan Fixed-line (wireless) subscribers by operator September 2012
Table 79 Philippines Historical - Fixed lines in service and penetration 1994 - 2004
Table 80 Philippines Fixed lines in service and penetration 2005 2014
Table 81 Philippines Fixed lines proportion of urban and residential subscribers 2007 - 2012
Table 82 Philippines Historical - Fixed lines installed versus lines in operation 1995 - 2004
Table 83 Philippines Fixed lines installed versus lines in operation 2005 - 2013
Table 84 Philippines Fixed lines - installed and subscribers by operator - 2012
Table 85 Philippines Total lines installed by operator by SAS target date
Table 86 Singapore Fixed lines in service and penetration 1998 - 2013
Table 87 Singapore Overview of fixed-line subscribers June 2013
Table 88 South Korea Registered .kr domains 1993 - 2013
Table 89 South Korea Number of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses 1997 - 2013
Table 90 South Korea International bandwidth 1997 - 2013
Table 91 South Korea Smart grid investment to 2015
Table 92 Sri Lanka Fixed lines in service, annual change and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 93 Sri Lanka Fixed subscribers wireline and wireless (WLL) - 2009 - 2013
Table 94 Sri Lanka WLL subscribers 1996 - 2013
Table 95 Taiwan Fixed network operators market share by revenue 2012
Table 96 Taiwan Chunghwa Telecom fixed subscribers and market share 2004 - 2012
Table 97 Tajikistan Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 98 Thailand Fixed lines and teledensity 1995 - 2013
Table 99 Thailand Estimated fixed-line subscribers by operator 2011
Table 100 Thailand Estimated fixed-line subscribers metro vs provincial 2011
Table 101 Thailand Public payphones in service 2004 - 2012
Table 102 Thailand Public payphones by provider 2011
Table 103 Timor Leste Fixed line subscribers, annual change and penetration 1995; 1998 - 2000; 2003 - 2014
Table 104 Turkmenistan Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1991 2013
Table 105 Uzbekistan Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity 1991 - 2013
Table 106 Vietnam Fixed line subscribers and penetration 1990 2013
Chart 1 - Afghanistan Fixed-line subscribers and teledensity - 2005 - 2013
Chart 2 - Afghanistan Fixed-line subscribers - wireline and wireless - 2012
Chart 3 Armenia Fixed lines in service, annual change and teledensity - 2005 - 2013
Chart 4 Azerbaijan Fixed lines in service and teledensity 2001 2013
Chart 5 Bangladesh fixed-line subscribers and teledensity 2000 - 2013
Chart 6 - Bhutan Fixed lines in service and teledensity - 2000-2013
Chart 7 - Brunei Fixed line subscribers and penetration rate - 2000 2013
Chart 8 - Cambodia Fixed lines in service and penetration 2006-2013 (e)
Chart 9 - Georgia Fixed lines in service, annual change and penetration - 2007 2013
Chart 10 - Georgia Fixed subscribers by technology type - March 2012
Chart 11 Hong Kong fixed-line and mobile subscribers 1995 - 2014
Chart 12 Hong Kong fixed-line telephony subscribers 2000 - 2013
Chart 13 Hong Kong IP telephony subscribers 2007 - 2013
Chart 14 - India Fixed-line subscribers and teledensity 2005 - 2013
Chart 15 - India Fixed-line subscribers and teledensity (historical) 1995 - 2005
Chart 16 India PCOs in operation and market share by operator - 2012
Chart 17 - Indonesia Fixed-line subscribers and teledensity 2005 - 2013
Chart 18 Japan International bandwidth 2005 2013
Chart 19 - Kazakhstan Fixed lines in service and annual change - 2000-2013 (e)
Chart 20 - Kyrgyzstan Fixed lines in service, annual change and teledensity - 2000-2013
Chart 21 - Laos Fixed lines in service - 2005 - 2013
Chart 22: Macau Fixed and mobile subscribers: 2000 - 2014
Chart 23 - Malaysia Fixed lines in service and teledensity - 2000 2013
Chart 24 - Maldives Fixed lines in service and teledensity - 2000 2013
Chart 25 - Maldives Fixed line subscribers by region - February 2013
Chart 26 Mongolia Fixed lines in service and teledensity 1998 2014
Chart 27 - Myanmar Fixed-line subscribers and annual change - 2000 2013
Chart 28 - Nepal Fixed lines in service and annual change 2000 - 2013
Chart 29 - Pakistan Fixed lines in service and teledensity - 2001-2014
Chart 30 - Pakistan Fixed wireline vs. fixed wireless subscribers - 2004-2013
Chart 31 - Pakistan Growth in Public Call Offices - 1999-2009
Chart 32 - Pakistan WLL subscribers by operator and market share - September 2012
Chart 33 - Philippines Fixed lines in service and annual change - 2005 2014
Chart 34 - Philippines Fixed line operators - market share - 2012
Chart 35 - Singapore Fixed lines in service and penetration - 2000-2013
Chart 36 - Sri Lanka Fixed lines in service and annual change 2000 - 2013(e)
Chart 37 - Sri Lanka Fixed subscribers - wireline and WLL - 2009-2013
Chart 38 - Tajikistan Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity - 2000-2013
Chart 39 Thailand Fixed and mobile subscribers 1999 - 2010
Chart 40 - Thailand Fixed lines and teledensity - 2000-2012
Chart 41 - Thailand Public payphones in service - 2004-2011
Chart 42 - Timor Leste Fixed line subscribers and penetration - 2003 2014
Chart 43 - Turkmenistan Fixed lines in service and annual change 2000-2013
Chart 44 - Uzbekistan Fixed lines in service, annual growth and teledensity 2001 - 2013
Chart 45 Vietnam Fixed line subscribers and annual change 2005 - 2013
Exhibit 1 Major submarine cables with landing points in Brunei - 2012
Exhibit 2 China Regional/international fibre optic cable networks: Augusy 2013
Exhibit 3 Selected Chinese satellite service providers and satellites
Exhibit 4 China Satcom satellite fleet
Exhibit 5 Major submarine cables with landing points in Hong Kong 2013
Exhibit 6 International submarine cable systems with landing points in India - 2012
Exhibit 7 India ISRO satellite network September 2012
Exhibit 8 Indonesia Palapa Ring Project specification of rings
Exhibit 9 Indonesian satellites 2012
Exhibit 10 Japan Major members of MYLINE Carriers Association February 2012
Exhibit 11 Japan Major global/regional submarine cables with landing point in Japan - 2014
Exhibit 12 Kazakhstan Construction of the National Information Highway (NIH) backbone
Exhibit 13 International submarine cable systems with landing points in Malaysia - 2013
Exhibit 14 Chronological events of ICT developments in Mongolia 1921 2011
Exhibit 15 Philippines Major submarine cables with landing points in the Philippines - 2011
Exhibit 16 International submarine cable systems with landing points in Singapore 2013
Exhibit 17 National submarine fibre optic cables overview in South Korea
Exhibit 18 International submarine fibre optic cables overview in South Korea
Exhibit 19 KOREASAT satellite status
Exhibit 20 South Korea Interconnection status by IX - 2011
Exhibit 21 South Korea Smart grid implementation areas
Exhibit 22 South Korea Phased implementation plan of Jeju Smart Grid: 2010 - 2013
Exhibit 23 Major global/regional submarine cables with landing point in Taiwan 2013
Exhibit 24 Thailand Submarine cable networks - 2012
Exhibit 25 Thaicom's satellite network June 2013