Anti-Cocaine Vaccine Approved for Clinical Study in Humans

NEW YORK, Aug. 8, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- A vaccine developed at Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian to blunt the effects of cocaine has advanced to clinical trials for testing in humans. After demonstrating that the vaccine prevented cocaine from reaching the brain in earlier animal studies, investigators are now enrolling active cocaine addicts in a Phase I randomized control study to test how it works in people.

"Cocaine addiction is a huge problem that affects more than 2 million people in the United States, and results in more than 500,000 annual visits to emergency rooms," said principal investigator Dr. Ronald Crystal, chairman of the Department of Genetic Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine and a pulmonologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. "While there are drugs like methadone designed to treat heroin, there aren't any therapeutics available to treat cocaine addiction. We hope that our vaccine will change that."

While most drugs that target addiction are designed to disrupt some process in the brain, this vaccine, called dAd5GNE, is meant to absorb cocaine in the bloodstream — well before it has had a chance to pass the blood-brain barrier and later produce a dopamine-induced high.

The dAd5GNE vaccine works by linking a cocaine-like molecule called GNE to a disrupted protein of an inactive adenovirus virus that typically causes cold-like symptoms, and is highly likely to produce an immune response. The immune system then unleashes antibodies that attack both the virus and the cocaine-like molecules connected to it. Once the body sees cocaine as the enemy, if the drug enters the bloodstream, the body will respond with a flood of anti-cocaine antibodies, each meant to gobble up cocaine like a Pac-man, Dr. Crystal said. This means that if someone who has received the vaccine uses cocaine, within seconds it passes from the lungs to the bloodstream, and once there, the antibodies attack.    

"The goal of this vaccine is to prevent cocaine from reaching the brain," said Dr. Crystal, who is also the Bruce Webster Professor of Internal Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine. "While we know that this works very well in animals, now we need to find out if the vaccine will cause enough anti-cocaine antibodies to be produced so that it works in humans, too."

Investigators are looking to enroll 30 subjects who are active cocaine users in the study, which is funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institutes of Health. The participants in this randomized, double-blind study will be divided into three consecutive, 10-person cohorts. Once the subjects have passed through an extensive screening process and are chosen, each cohort of 10 will be randomly split into seven receiving the vaccine and three receiving the placebo.

Before getting the vaccine, each participant will have to give up cocaine for at least 30 days, during which time they'll undergo frequent urine screens to test for cocaine use. Their first vaccine dose is administered as an injection in the shoulder. Additional boosters will be given every four weeks until the participant has received six total injections. After the final booster is given in week 20, subjects will undergo monitoring for another three months, until the study's conclusion after 32 weeks.

Each participant will have to meet with investigators two or three times per week to assess safety and efficacy. These meetings will include regular urine drug screens, EKGs, complete blood counts, and other measures of safety, as well as the review of any anti-cocaine antibodies in the participants' systems, self-reports on cocaine cravings and subjects' desire for other drugs and alcohol. Every subject will undergo standard drug dependency therapy throughout the study.

After the first group of 10 is finished, the second group will commence, followed by the third group. In total, 21 subjects will get the vaccine in escalating doses; nine subjects will get the placebo. The entire Phase I clinical study is expected to take about three years.
"Most people who become cocaine addicts want to give it up, but struggle to kick the habit in the long-term," Dr. Crystal said. "If this vaccine works, it could represent a lifetime therapeutic for addicts."

Participants will receive $25 per visit – up to $2,400 for those who complete the study. To enroll in the study or for more information, please contact Aileen Orphilla at 646-962-2672.

Weill Cornell Medicine

Weill Cornell Medicine is committed to excellence in patient care, scientific discovery and the education of future physicians in New York City and around the world. The doctors and scientists of Weill Cornell Medicine—faculty from Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Weill Cornell Physician Organization—are engaged in world-class clinical care and cutting-edge research that connect patients to the latest treatment innovations and prevention strategies. Located in the heart of the Upper East Side's scientific corridor, Weill Cornell Medicine's powerful network of collaborators extends to its parent university Cornell University; to Qatar, where an international campus offers a U.S. medical degree; and to programs in Tanzania, Haiti, Brazil, Austria and Turkey. Weill Cornell Medicine faculty provide comprehensive patient care at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian/Lower Manhattan Hospital and NewYork-Presbyterian/Queens. Weill Cornell Medicine is also affiliated with Houston Methodist. For more information, visit weill.cornell.edu.

NewYork-Presbyterian

NewYork-Presbyterian is one of the nation's most comprehensive healthcare delivery networks, focused on providing innovative and compassionate care to patients in the New York metropolitan area and throughout the globe. In collaboration with two renowned medical school partners, Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian is consistently recognized as a leader in medical education, groundbreaking research and clinical innovation.

NewYork-Presbyterian has four major divisions: NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital is ranked #1 in the New York metropolitan area by U.S. News and World Report and repeatedly named to the magazine's Honor Roll of best hospitals in the nation; NewYork-Presbyterian Regional Hospital Network is comprised of leading hospitals in and around New York and delivers high-quality care to patients throughout the region; NewYork-Presbyterian Physician Services connects medical experts with patients in their communities; and NewYork-Presbyterian Community and Population Health features the hospital's ambulatory care network sites and operations, community care initiatives and healthcare quality programs, including NewYork Quality Care, established by NewYork-Presbyterian, Weill Cornell and Columbia.

NewYork-Presbyterian is one of the largest healthcare providers in the U.S. Each year, nearly 29,000 NewYork-Presbyterian professionals deliver exceptional care to more than 2 million patients.

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SOURCE Weill Cornell Medicine

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